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pharm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| carbidopa/levidopa | Parkinsons's, Crosses BBB with carbidopa help, dopamine replacement |
| amantadine | Parkinson's, release of dopamine from nerve cells |
| COMT inhibitors (-capone) | Parkinson's, block COMT from breaking down dopamine, increases levodopa effects |
| Selegiline | Parkinson's, blocks MAO from breaking down dopamine, don't eat charcuterie foods |
| Pilocarpine | cholinergic agonist, binds to cholinergic receptors, topical, decreased AE, direct acting |
| Bethanechol | cholinergic agonist, indication: urinary retention, direct acting |
| pyridostigmine | cholinergic agonist, indirect acting, inhibits acetylcholinesterase, used for tx of myasthenia gravis |
| Donepezil | cholinergic agonist, tx of alzheimer's, indirect, cholinesterase inhibitor |
| toxicity signs of cholinergic agonists | Diarrhea, urination, miosis (pupil constriction), bradycardia/bronchodilation, emesis, lacrimation, lethargy, salivation/sweating |
| benztropine | cholinergic antagonist, comp antagonist, tx of Parkinson's or drug induced extrapyramidal rxns |
| atropine | cholinergic antagonist, hearts conduction system = blocks inhibitory vagal effects |
| ipatropium | cholinergic antagonist, respiratory = treats COPD, asthma, bronchitis |
| Dicyclomin | cholinergic antagonist, GI = hypersecretory states |
| Tolterodine | cholinergic antagonist, UA = retention |
| Oxybutinin | cholinergic antagonist, UA = retention |
| Scopolamine | cholinergic antagonist, tx motion sickness/pre-op, decreases salivary secretions |
| contraindications of Cholinergic antagonists | BPH, myasthenia gravis, glaucoma |
| symptoms of atropine overdose | hot, confused, flushed, bone dry |
| valproic acid | antiepileptic drug, boosts GABA |
| carbamazepine | antiepileptic drug, may worsen absence seizures, hepatic enzyme inducer, bone marrow suppression |
| Phenytoin | antiepileptic drug, narrow therapeutic index = 10-20, SE: gingivitis suicidal risk/depression, highly protein bound |
| Levetiracetam | antiepileptic drug, well tolerated |
| Gabapentin | antiepileptic drug, commonly used for neuropathy |
| phenylbarbital | antiepileptic drug, profound depressant, reduces nerve impulses |
| Benzodiazepams | CNS depressants, (-lam), (-pam), GABA receptor stim, CNS depressant |
| what is the reversal drug for benzos | flumazenil |
| Zolpidem (nonbenzo) | CNS depressants |
| barbiturates | CNS depressants, -barbital, reduces nerve impulses, very powerful |
| baclofen | CNS depressants, muscle relaxant, central acting |
| cyclobenzaprine | CNS depressants, muscle relaxant, central acting |
| Dantrolene | CNS depressants, muscle relaxant, tx of malignant hyperthermia, acts directly on skeletal muscle |
| Amphetamine | CNS stimulant, ADHD med, stimulates areas of the brain associated with alertness, increased dopamine and norepinephrine |
| methylphenadate | CNS stimulant, ADHD med, stimulates areas of the brain associated with alertness, increased dopamine and norepinephrine |
| atomexetine | CNS stimulant, ADHD med, stimulates areas of the brain associated with alertness, increased dopamine and norepinephrine, suicidal thought warning |
| caffeine | CNS stimulant, increases energy/focus |
| albuterol | adrenergic agonist, beta 2 selective, acute asthma attacks |
| salmeterol | adrenergic agonist, beta 2 selective, slow/steady daily living asthma |
| tetrahydrolozine | adrenergic agonist, selective A1, tx conjuctival congestion |
| dipivefrin | adrenergic agonist, nonselective, prodrug, converted to epinephrine |
| dobutamine | adrenergic agonist, B1 specific, increased contraction, and HR, cardiogenic shock |
| epinephrine | adrenergic agonist, nonselective, anaphylaxis shock + etc |
| norepinephrine | adrenergic agonist, A1, A2, and B1 selective, pressor |
| dopamine | adrenergic agonist, B1 and A1, dose dependent, low doses = vasodilation, high dose = increased HR and contraction, even higher vasoconstriction, cardiogenic shock |
| Tamsulosin | adrenergic antagonist, tx BPH, vasodilation/relaxation, contraindications = erectil dysfunction drugs |
| Doxazosin | adrenergic antagonist, a blocker (nonselective), |
| terazosin | adrenergic antagonist |
| clonidine | adrenergic antagonist, A2, decreased symp, BP, and norepinephrine |
| Atenolol and Metoprolol | beta blockers, selective B1 |
| carvedilol, labetalol, propranalol | beta blockers, non selective, blocks glycogenolysis |
| drugs you would take for antihypertension | Adrenergic antagonists, beta blockers, vasodilators, ACE, ARBs, calcium channel blockers, |
| hydralazine | vasodilator, antihypertensive, push through IV slow |
| adrenergic antagonists for antihypertensive | Doxazosin and terazosin and clonidine |
| beta blockers for antihypertension | metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol, carvedilol |
| ACE for antihypertension | catopril and lisinopril not pro drugs, enalapril pro drug, |
| ARBs for antihypertension | valsartan and losartan |
| calcium channel blcokers for antihypertension | amlodipine, diltiazem = blocks calcium channels |
| nitroglycerin | angina, rapid and long acting = causes vasodilation, contraindication = erectile dysfunction |
| isosorbide monodinitrate | angina, long acting |
| beta blockers for angina | atenolol and metoprolol = selective |
| calcium channel blockers for angina | amlodipine and diltiazem |
| digoxin | heart failure, increased contraction, decreased conduction and HR, (0.5-2), watch potassium low = digoxin tox high = in toxicity |
| digoxin treatment | digifab |
| what drugs do you use for heart failure | beta blockers, ACE, ARB, cardiac glycosides |
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