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water science chap 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| salinity | the total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample |
| sonar | a system that uses reflected sound waves to locate and determine the distance to objects under water |
| seamount | a steep-sided volcanic mountain rising from the deep-ocean floor |
| trench | a deep. steep-sided canyon in the ocean floor |
| continental slope | a steep incline of the ocean floor leading from the edge of the continental shelf |
| continental shelf | A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent |
| abyssal plain | a smooth nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor |
| mid-ocean ridge | an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean |
| wave | the movement if energy through a body of water |
| wavelength | the distance between two corresponding parts of a wave, such as the distance between two crests |
| frequency | the number of complete waves that pass given point in a certain amount of time |
| wave hight | the vertical distance from the crest of a wave to the trough |
| tsunami | a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor |
| longshore drift | the movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming to a shore at an angle |
| rip current | a strong narrow current that flows briefly from the shore back toward the clean through a narrow opening |
| groin | a wall made of rocks or concrete that is built outward from a beach to reduce erosion |
| current | a large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans |
| Coriolis effect | the effect of Earth's rotation on the direction of winds and currents |
| climate | the average annual conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and in an area |
| El Nino | an abnormal climate event that occurs every two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in winds, currents, and weather patterns for one to two years |
| La Nina | a climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal |
| intertidal zone | an area between the highest high-tide line on land and the point on the continental shelf exposed by the lowest low-tide line |
| neritic zone | the area of the ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf |
| open-ocean zone | the deepest darkest area of the ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf |
| plankton | tiny algae animals that float in water and are carried by waves and currents |
| nekton | free-swimming animals that can move throughout the water column |
| benthos | organisms that live on the ocean or another body of water |
| food web | the pattern of overlapping feeding relationships or food chains among the various organism in an ecosystem |