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WEEK 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Therapeutic effects | Clinically desirable actions |
| Adverse effects | Undesirable reactions |
| Toxic reaction | The desired effect is excessive |
| Side effect | dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome. |
| Contraindication | an aspect of a patient’s condition that makes the use of a certain drug or therapy an unwise or dangerous decision. |
| Idiosyncratic Reaction | genetically related abnormal drug response |
| drug allergy | immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis |
| interference with natural defense mechanisms | when a drug reduces the body’s ability to fight infections |
| Teratogenic Effect | abnormal in fetal development caused by exposure to certain substances, such as drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy. |
| Type I hypersensitivity | Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. IgE antibodies: produces vasodilation, edema and the inflammatory response. Bronchioles, resulting in anaphylactic shock. Respiratory, results in rhinitis and asthma. Skin results in urti |
| Type II hypersensitivity | IgG or IgM antibodies. Antibody complex is fixed to a circulating blood cell, causing lysis. Results in anemia. |
| Type III hypersensitivity | Aggregations of antigens and anti antibodies, where antibodies outnumbered antigens, forming clumps: manifested as serum sickness, urticarial, arthritis, lymphadenopathy, and fever |
| type IV hypersensitivity | Delayed hypersensitivity. Sensitized T lymphocytes and macrophages. Manifest as allergic contact dermatitis, poison oak, poison ivy, reaction to jewelry, topical benzocaine, etc. |
| Stomatitis | Abroad term that refers to any inflammation of the mucus membranes in the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. Can cause symptoms like soreness, swelling, and ulcers. |
| Oral mucositis | A specific type of stomatitis involving painful inflammation and ulcerations of the mucus membranes in the mouth, most commonly as a side effect of cancer treatments, like chemotherapy and radiation therapy. |
| Glossitis | Inflamed tongue |
| Aphtous stomatitis | Canker sore |
| Xerostomia | Dry mouth |
| Sialorrhea | Increased salvation/hyper salvation |
| Gingival hyperplasia (also called gingival enlargement) | An overgrowth or enlargement of the gum tissue. |
| Trismus | limited ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, inflammation, or injury. |
| Bruxism | The grinding or clenching of teeth, often unconsciously during sleep or stress. |
| Erythema multiforme | Is an acute, immune-mediated skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of distinctive target-like (bullseye) lesions, often triggered by infections or medications, or other factors. |
| Stevens-Johnson Syndrome | rare, serious condition where the skin, mouth, and eyes react to an infection or medication. Causes redness, blistering, peeling, and painful sores in the mouth. Can increase risk of mouth infections and can be life threatening. |
| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| dysphonia | difficulty or discomfort in speaking |
| Dysgeusia | altered sense of tase. Taste distortion. |
| angiodema | Rapid swelling beneath the skin or mucous membranes, often involving the lips, tongue, face or throat. |
| Tardive dyskinesia | Involuntary repetitive movements, often affecting the fact, mouth, and extremities. |
| Candidiasis | Also known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection caused by candida, a type of yeast. |
| Agranulocytosis | Abnormally low WBC— can lead to poor wound, healing, oral ulcers, necrotic lesions, and oral infections |
| Melasma | Brown patches on skin, mostly the face |
| Diaphoresis | Is abnormal or heavy seating often caused by medication, fever, pain, anxiety, hypoglycemia, or a medical emergency |
| Alopecia | Condition that causes hair loss |
| Orthostatic hypotension | Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person sits up or stands up, causing dizziness or fainting |
| Necrosis | Premature death of cells or tissues in the body due to factors like injury, infection, or lack of blood flow |
| Urticaria | Commonly known as hives as a skin condition characterized by raised itchy welts or bumps |
| Pruritus | Medical term for itching |
| Dyspepsia | General discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen: symptoms are bloating, nausea, and indigestion |
| Myopathy | Muscle weakness |
| Myalgia | Muscle pain or muscle aches |
| Thrombocytopenia | And abnormally low number of platelets in the blood— can lead to increase risk of bleeding |
| Teratogenic | Refers to something that can cause birth defects or harm to a developing baby during pregnancy |
| Pregnancy Trimesters | pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting about three months |
| Risk to Benefit Ratio | is a way to compare the potential risks and benefits of a decision or treatment |
| Contraindicated | something, like a medication or treatment, should not be used because it could be harmful in certain situations |
| Lactation | is a process of producing milk in the breasts after childbirth |
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | a condition in babies caused by a mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy, it can lead to physical and mental disabilities, including growth problems, facial abnormalities and learning difficulties. |
| Neonate | A newborn baby, specifically within the first 28 days of its life |
| Syndactyly | condition where two or more fingers or toes are fused together, either partially or completely at birth. |
| Oligodactyly | Condition where a person is born with fewer than the usual number of fingers or toes |
| Jaundice | A condition where the skin and eyes turn yellow due to a buildup of bilirubin, a substance produced when the body breaks down red blood cells. Often a sign of liver problems. |
| Spina bifida | a birth defects where the spinal cord doesn’t develop properly, leaving a gap in the spine. This can lead to physical and neurological problems. |
Created by:
Ryanisam