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Open Ended Midterm P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Explain the difference between dramatization and exposition, and give one example of each. | Dramatization shows an experience in a scene with time, place, characters, and action or dialogue. Exposition tells necessary background. Example: show a hallway conversation; tell readers that the friendship had been changing for weeks. |
| Why does Professor Ewan say writers need both showing and telling? | Scenes let readers experience events, while exposition provides necessary context efficiently. Together they create narrative balance. |
| Define Kairos and explain its two practical forms. | Kairos is effective timing and organization. External Kairos is when to deliver an argument; internal Kairos is how to order and pace evidence for audience impact. |
| Explain Professor Ewan’s three-experiences-of-sexism example. | He recommends starting with subway harassment, moving to a discouraging guidance counselor, and ending with family abuse so the evidence builds in intensity and the strongest event is not overshadowing the others. |
| Explain pathos, ethos, and logos using one narrative example. | A discrimination scene evokes fear or empathy (pathos), establishes the narrator’s firsthand credibility and ethical concern (ethos), and supports a reasoned understanding of the pattern or problem (logos). |
| What makes an argument different from an unsupported opinion? | An argument includes a claim plus evidence and reasoning explaining why the evidence supports it. |
| Explain implicit and explicit arguments and how their placement differs. | An implicit argument is gradually revealed through the narrative. An explicit argument is directly stated, often early as a thesis. |
| Why should a personal narrative avoid announcing its conclusion in the opening? | It spoils the discovery and may alienate readers. Ewan wants readers to enter a specific experience before learning what it means. |
| Describe the five stages of an advanced narrative. | Inciting circumstance establishes the problem; complications increase; crisis intensifies the conflict; epiphany or climax changes understanding; resolution establishes a new normalcy. |
| Explain the difference between outcomes, updates, and topic conclusions. | Outcomes tell what happened to characters; updates explain where they are now; topic conclusions explain the broader meaning and often move from I to we. |
| How do intended and invoked audiences differ? | The intended audience most needs to understand the issue; the invoked or honored audience has related experience and may seek recognition or connection. |
| How does Butler’s use of the word dipshit change through her essay? | She first uses it to dismiss people with petty authority, then questions her own rebellious superiority, and finally accepts that she too can be foolish, sometimes affectionately. |
| What is Butler’s central realization about authority? | Her pride in defying authority can itself become a rigid, self-important stance; she recognizes her own flaws and moves toward patience. |
| How does Smith’s essay show that the meaning of a word depends on context? | Smith contrasts the word used as a threatening insult in adolescence with affectionate use among friends, while acknowledging it can still hurt others. |
| Why is Smith’s essay non-chronological, and what effect does that have? | It begins with present acceptance, revisits past fear, and returns to a nuanced present. This structure lets readers first understand the word as loving before confronting its harm. |
| How does Gleason use dialogue and interiority to build the love story? | Michel’s playful remarks and later confession reveal character and attraction; Gleason’s inner hesitation shows why he fears risking their friendship. |
| How does Grealy use the mirror as more than an object? | The mirror connects her appearance to identity and self-perception, revealing the tension between how she sees herself and how she imagines others see her. |
| What should an effective scene establish, according to Professor Ewan? | A specific place, specific time including year when relevant, identifiable characters, and particular circumstances. The narrator should appear immediately or very early. |
| What does the professor mean by moving from I to we? | A conclusion should extend beyond what happened to the narrator and suggest what the experience reveals about a wider human or social issue. |
| How should a student analyze an author’s writing choices in an open-ended answer? | Identify WHAT the author does, explain HOW the technique works, WHY it may have been chosen, and its EFFECT on the audience; support with a specific example. |
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