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Terms, FYW Midterm
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the three basics every writer needs? | Argument, Audience, and Kairos. |
| What is an argument? | A claim or position developed through evidence and reasoning, not simply a fight or debate. |
| What is rhetoric? | Persuasive language used to influence an audience. |
| What is pathos? | An emotional appeal that makes the audience feel something. |
| What is ethos? | An appeal to credibility, ethics, and the audience's sense of right and wrong. |
| What is logos? | An appeal to logic, evidence, facts, and reasoning. |
| What is a balanced argument? | An argument that effectively uses pathos, ethos, and logos. |
| What is the difference between a topic and an issue? | A topic is broad; an issue is an identifiable problem within a topic. |
| What is evidence? | Facts, statistics, data, or personal experiences supporting an argument. |
| What is reasoning? | Explaining how and why evidence supports an argument. |
| What is a hypothesis? | A proposed claim or possible truth that needs testing. |
| What is an antithesis? | An opposing claim or possible truth. |
| What is synthesis? | Combining opposing positions to find common ground. |
| What is a thesis? | A direct statement of the writer's argument. |
| What is Kairos? | The best timing and organization of an argument for maximum audience impact. |
| What is external Kairos? | Choosing the right moment to publish or deliver an argument. |
| What is internal Kairos? | Organizing and pacing evidence for the greatest impact. |
| What is Point A? | The original normalcy and circumstances that will be challenged. |
| What is Point Z? | The new normalcy and the story's final argument or message. |
| What are the five stages of advanced narrative structure? | Inciting circumstance; increasing complications; crisis; epiphany or climax; resolution. |
| What is an inciting circumstance? | The event or situation establishing the main problem. |
| What are increasing complications? | Growing challenges that build conflict and evidence. |
| What is a crisis? | A critical point in the central struggle. |
| What is an epiphany? | A sudden realization or new understanding. |
| What is a resolution? | The final change, new normalcy, and revealed argument. |
| What is an UP ending? | The protagonist triumphs over adversity. |
| What is a DOWN ending? | The protagonist is defeated by adversity. |
| What is an IRONIC ending? | The protagonist both wins and loses something. |
| What is non-chronological order? | Presenting events outside the order in which they happened. |
| What is the general rhetorical narrative sequence? | Pathos, then ethos, then logos, although all three can appear throughout. |
| What is dramatization? | Showing through scenes with characters, actions, dialogue, and specific settings. |
| What is exposition? | Telling necessary background information and context. |
| What is narrative balance? | Combining showing and telling, and positive and negative experiences. |
| What four things establish a scene? | Specific time, place, characters, and circumstances. |
| What is interiority? | Showing the narrator's inner thoughts, feelings, and changing understanding. |
| What is inner monologue? | A character's unspoken internal thoughts. |
| What is dialogue? | Words spoken between characters. |
| What is diction? | The writer's choice of words. |
| What is tone? | The writer's emotional attitude toward the subject. |
| What is a tone shift? | A change in the writer's emotional attitude. |
| What are the three T's of paragraphing? | Time, Tone, and Topic. |
| What are the three dialogue formats in Dialogue on the Page? | Fiction-style direct dialogue; quoting within a transcript; summarizing dialogue. |
| What is narration? | Telling that guides readers through events and supplies information or reflection. |
| What is an implicit argument? | An argument implied and gradually revealed through a story. |
| What is an explicit argument? | An argument directly and clearly stated, usually near the beginning. |
| What is the intended or target audience? | People who most need to understand an issue, often because they have not experienced it. |
| What is the invoked or honored audience? | People who already relate to or have experienced the issue. |
| What is the writer's purpose? | What the writer wants the audience to think, understand, feel, know, or do. |
| What is an outcome? | What happened to the narrator and other important characters. |
| What is an update? | Where the narrator and other important characters are now. |
| What is a topic conclusion? | The larger meaning of the story beyond the writer's personal experience. |
| What does moving from I to we mean? | Connecting a personal experience to a broader lesson about people or society. |
| What are the five process statements Professor Ewan required? | Intended audience; invoked audience; argument; AI statement; purpose. |
| What should annotations focus on? | What the author does, how, why, and the effect on the audience. |
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