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AP World Ch.3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Belt and Road initiative- what was it and when, pros and cons | launched by Chinese president Xi Jinping in 2013, intent was to revive trade and economies between Asia, Europe and Africa, pros was it could cause economic growth, cons were that it could become a way for China to have global dominance |
| how did trade influence the political system | the development of the merchant class and taxes |
| what did trade help spread | religion, tech, diseases, plants and animals |
| silk roads | connected Europe and China, traded mainly silk and other luxury goods |
| how were goods carried in the silk roads | camel caravans |
| caravanserai | the inns that the caravans would stop at and trade with the locals |
| where were raw silk spreads come from and where did they go | came from China and went to Byzantine, India, Persia, Japan |
| what were raw silk spreads a sign of and how were they used | they were a sign of wealth and status, seen as holy in Buddist and Christian communities, given as gifts, even used as currency in some places |
| frame and mattress saddle | Arab invention, allowed camels to carry more stuff securely |
| flying cash | Chinese paper money, was adopted bc easier than carrying coins |
| bills of exchange | European-made contracts promising payment |
| how did the silk roads affect the people | it really only affected the elites bc it was only luxury goods trade |
| who benefitted from the long distance trade | peasants along the Yangtze river gave up farming to be producers of goods, and merchants also got more money |
| silk roads flourished the most in what places | where the government provided security for those traveling |
| what happened to the silk roads in the 13th-14th centuries and what did this cause | the silk roads were almost entirely encased in the mongol empire, this caused intermixing of cultures |
| how did Buddhism spread in the Silk roads | spread through Central and East Asia from India, people converted voluntarily |
| what did the people who converted to Buddhism think it would help them with | connecting them to the prestige of the Indian culture |
| how did the Silk Road cause Buddhism to change? | instead of people being aescetics, they now liked the material world |
| what type of Buddhism was the most popular at this time | Mayahana Buddism, more spiritual and less strict |
| Pure Land Buddhism | originated in China in the Pure Land School, focused on making it to heaven, more laid-back |
| Anti-Buddhism | confucians in China were against Buddhism, they thought that they were Barbaric |
| what did the Confucian people in China do to the Buddists | they attacked the shrines and monastaries, made monks and nuns become regular tax-paying citizens, fragmented Chinese Buddhism |
| Chan Buddhism | became popular during the Song Dynasty, popular among elites, emphasized meditation |
| Neo-Confucianism | didn't believe in the religious side of Buddhism+Daoism but regarded its moral teachings |
| what was the interaction between Buddhism, Daoism and Confucianism in Chinese villages | they all intermixed with one another and many people would practice all of them |
| where did many Chinese cultural traditions spread to at this time | Korea, Japan and Vietnam |
| what did the Koreans do to copy Chinese culture | they set up tributary missions so they could copy what the Chinese were doing |
| what did Korean students study in China | Confucianism, science, arts, Chinese Buddhism |
| where did Chinese Buddhism schools go to, and who was in them | went to Japan, and the Samurai class was quite interested in it |
| what was the largest trading route before 1500 | the sea roads |
| Sea Roads | trade routes in Indian Ocean, very large, connected East Africa with Middle East, India, China and South/East Asia |
| bulk vs luxury | sea roads stuff was less expensive to ship, bulk was less expensive stuff and the luxury was more expensive obv |
| sailing innovations | the monsoon winds allowed sea road trade to happen, also improvements in shipbuilding |
| junks | innovated Chinese ships |
| dhows | innovated Indian/Arab ships |
| diasporic communities | permanent settlements of foreign traders along trade routes, took local culture and blended it with their own |
| sailors introduced what religions to SE asia | Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism |
| Srivijaya-where was it and how was it founded | kingdom in SE asia, arised when Malay sailors opened a sea route on the straits of Malacca and they wanted to attract traders |
| what did Srivijaya have that made them a lot of money | plentiful gold, sought-after spices, and they taxed passing ships through the Straits of Malacca |
| what was Srivijaya's govt like and what cultures was it influenced by | they were burecratic, cosmopolitan, influenced by Indian and indigenous cultures |
| Buddhism in SE asia | Indians came and spread it, they supported it and many shrines were created and monks came over |
| Saliendra kingdoms | in Java, agirculturally rich and allied w/Srivijaya |
| Borobudur | largest Buddhist monument in the world, built in Java |
| Hinduism in SE Asia | found its way into the Champa kingdom in South Vietnam and the Khmer Kingdom of Angkor |
| Angkor Wat | largest religious structure in pre-modern world, expressed Hindu understanding of cosmos on my, Meru, Buddists also used it |
| Khmer Empire-where, what did they do | present-day Cambodia/Laos, traded extotic forest products with China, had many Chinese diasphoric communities, home of Angkor Wat |
| Islam in SE Asia-where was it and how was it doing | thrived in city of Malacca, founded by a prince from Sumatra, capital of Malay-Muslim Sultanate |
| strait of Malacca-what did it cause | opened up trading opportunities, fostered large cosmopolitan population w/many diasphoric communities |
| how was the cultures in Malacca | it was a melting pot |
| what did Malacca lose in the 15th century | imperial control over Sumatra |
| Malacca and China relationship | Malacca set up a tributary relationship with China, envoys received seals and silk, Malacca traded pepper and helped Chinese naval exploration |
| how did the Malay people feel about trade | it was a sense of pride for them |
| relationship between Malacca and Islam | Islamic learners came over and Islam blended with Hindu and Buddhist traditions already in the area |
| how did the Islamic explorers first view the inner city of Malacca | dirty and unkempt |
| what did the spread of Islam cause | it caused maritime culture and mass conversion because people saw the appeals of the Islamic world |
| Swahili civilization-where was it | set of commercial city-states stretching almond east African coast (Somalia to Mozambique) |
| how did the Indian ocean trade and rise of Islam affect Swahili city states | it caused mass expansion |
| what did the East Africans have | they had rich resources inland that they could trade for tons of money |
| difference in culture between the Swahili coast and the African inland | Swahili coast was really rich and stuff, inland more modest |
| what was Swahili govt like | each city had its own gov, very fragmented, sharp distinction between the peasants and merchant class |
| how was Swahili involved in trade | they transported goods from inland to the coast |
| origins of Swahili language | in the Bantu family of languages but written in Arabic script |
| were there many diasphoric communities along the Swahili coast? | yes! |
| how did Islam spread in East Africa | through the Arab traders , many Africans voluntarily converted |
| Ibn Battuta | widely traveled Arab scholar/merchant, noticed that the Africans had blended with Muslim culture |
| what two rivers in the interior of East Africa had a lot of resources and became involved with Indian Ocean trade? | Zambezi and Limpopo rivers |
| Great Zimbabwe | powerful state, had wealth from cow and gold trade to the coast |
| what food was domesticated in SE Asia and found its way to Africa | bananas |
| what did the ability to grow bananas in mass cause in Africa | increased the population, growth of cheifdoms and eventually gave way to the rise of Bunyoro and Buganda kingdoms |
| Ming Emperor Yongle (what did he do) | commissioned an enormous fleet in 1400's to explore Indian ocean parts, this went on for 28 years with 6 more expeditions |
| Zheng He (who was he and what did he do) | Muslim eunuch, wanted to make other countries have tributary relationships with China |
| how did the actions of Zheng He affect china? | established china's dominance in the Indian ocean trade |
| after 1433, what did Chinese authorities do | they stopped the expeditions and fleets to ports because they wanted to be self-sufficient, and after the death of Yongle no one else wanted to support it |
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I'mtheAlpha