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Stack #4730786
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ecology is the branch of environmental science that focuses on the _________ of organisms in relation to their environment. | abundance and distribution |
| What ecosystem services from U.S. national forests had the greatest demands placed on them following World War II and the country’s rapid population growth? | grazing, recreation, and timber resources |
| One of the major factors driving environmental issues is the ________. | rapid increase of human population |
| The environment is all the ________ factors and processes that determine the growth and survival of organisms. | physical, chemical, and biological |
| Human ________ includes basic necessities, good health, social stability, and personal freedom. | well-being |
| ________ means meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generation’s survival. | Sustainability |
| 7. Environmental science is best described as ________. | ✅ Answer: D. studying all aspects of an environment |
| 8. Which one of the following is an example of environmental sustainability? | ✅ Answer: B. Composting and tilling under parts of plants that are not harvested on a farm |
| 9. Which of the following choices embodies the concepts of the 3 P’s in environmental sustainability? | ✅ Answer: C. Planet, people, and progress |
| 10. Which of the following best illustrates sustainability? | ✅ Answer: B. Using solar panels on rooftops to generate electricity |
| 11. The 1987 UN Commission on Sustainability first introduced the concept of ________ as a necessary focus for maintaining sustainability. | ✅ Answer: D. human well-being |
| 12. What factor contributes to the stability of ecosystems despite constant change? | ✅ Answer: B. The complex interactions among diverse biotic and abiotic components |
| 13. Ecosystem services include provisioning, regulation, supporting, and ________ services. | ✅ Answer: A. cultural |
| 14. Which of the following is not considered biota? | ✅ Answer: D. water |
| 15. Which of the following is an example of a provisioning service provided by ecosystems? | ✅ Answer: C. Supply of food, water, and fiber |
| 16. Which of the following represents a biotic component of a hardwood forest in Pennsylvania? | ✅ Answer: A. Mushrooms under some leaves |
| 17. Why are ecosystems considered “open systems”? | ✅ Answer: C. Matter and energy can flow in and out, influencing ecosystem functions |
| 18. Matter and energy can ________. | ✅ Answer: A. neither be created nor destroyed |
| 19. ________ feedback is when the directional change in a process reinforces the change. | ✅ Answer: B. Positive |
| 20. A resource is ______ if its amount declines with any use. | ✅ Answer: D. nonrenewable |
| 21. A hypothesis is ________. | ✅ Answer: C. a testable explanation |
| 22. ________ advocate that parks and public lands should be kept in a pristine state. | ✅ Answer: C. Preservationists |
| 23. Rachel Carson’s book, ________, pointed out the dangers posed to the natural environments and humans by pesticides. | ✅ Answer: C. Silent Spring |
| 24. Which of the ethical traditions best describes the building of the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir as right because it benefited a large number of people? | ✅ Answer: C. utilitarianism |
| 25. Environmental ethics is best defined as ________. | ✅ Answer: D. studying the moral relationships of humans to the environment and the environment’s living organisms |
| 26. A person, organism, or object valued as an end unto itself is said to have ________. | ✅ Answer: A. intrinsic value |
| 27. ________ ethics argue that the value of other living things is equal to the value of humans. | ✅ Answer: B. Biocentric |
| 28. In _________ ethics, intrinsic value is placed on the collection of organisms or critical features. | ✅ Answer: C. ecocentric |
| 29. All matter is composed of building blocks called ________. | ✅ Answer: A. elements |
| 30. Atoms with different numbers of neutrons are ________. | ✅ Answer: C. isotopes |
| 31. What is an element? | ✅ Answer: B. a chemical that cannot be broken down or separated into other chemicals |
| 32. Strong chemical bonds that form when electrons are shared are ________ bonds. | ✅ Answer: B. covalent |
| 33. A solution’s pH is a measure of ______ ions in a liquid. | ✅ Answer: C. hydrogen and hydroxide |
| 34. Which of the following statements is true about inorganic molecules? | ✅ Answer: B. They are not made of carbon and hydrogen |
| 35. Starch and cellulose are examples of ________. | ✅ Answer: D. carbohydrates |
| 36. What is the primary structural constituent in plant tissues? | ✅ Answer: C. cellulose |
| 37. ________ are organic molecules made up entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms. | ✅ Answer: A. Hydrocarbons |
| 38. The most basic source of immediate energy for most organisms is ________. | ✅ Answer: E. glucose |
| 39. Many ________ serve as catalysts that promote chemical reactions. | ✅ Answer: A. proteins |
| 40. The sugar in DNA is: | ✅ Answer: B. Deoxyribose |
| 41. Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA? | ✅ Answer: A. Uracil (U) |
| 42. Nucleic acids are polymers of: | ✅ Answer: C. Nucleotides |
| 43. The hereditary material that is passed from generation to generation is ________. | ✅ Answer: B. DNA |
| 44. Which pairing of macromolecule → primary function is mismatched? | ✅ Answer: D. Nucleic acids → cell wall rigidity |
| 45. Condensation polymerization differs from addition polymerization because it: | ✅ Answer: B. Produces a small molecule (e.g., H₂O) as monomers link |
| 46. Nanomaterials generally have feature sizes in the range of: | ✅ Answer: A. 1–100 nm |
| 47. Energy is the ________. | ✅ Answer: D. capacity to do work |
| 48. Light is a form of ________. | ✅ Answer: A. electromagnetic radiation |
| 49. The first law of thermodynamics states that ________. | ✅ Answer: E. although energy can be transformed from one form to another, it cannot be created or destroyed in normal chemical reactions |
| 50. Community ecology primarily focuses on… | ✅ Answer: C. Interactions among populations of different species |
| 51. Which research question fits ecosystem ecology? | ✅ Answer: B. How much energy transfers from grass to bison to wolves? |
| 52. Choose the correct pairing: | ✅ Answer: C. Community — populations that interact; Ecosystem — community + abiotic environment |
| 53. The cell is best described as the: | ✅ Answer: B. Fundamental unit of life |
| 54. Which group is believed to most closely resemble the earliest cellular life on Earth? | ✅ Answer: C. Prokaryotes |
| 55. Prokaryotes include: | ✅ Answer: B. Bacteria and their relatives |
| 56. ________ are a cell type that have membrane-enclosed organelles. | ✅ Answer: B. Eukaryotes |
| 57. When a population grows by a constant number of individuals each generation, this is ________. | ✅ Answer: B. arithmetic growth |
| 58. The pattern of survival where most individuals survive to old age is ________. | ✅ Answer: A. type I |
| 59. ________ is the point at which resources limit the growth of a population. | ✅ Answer: A. Carrying capacity |
| 60. ______ are the random mistakes or changes in DNA. | ✅ Answer: A. Mutations |
| 61. The type of natural selection in which both extreme ends of a range of variation is favored is ________. | ✅ Answer: C. disruptive |
| 62. Genetic drift has a larger effect on ________ populations. | ✅ Answer: B. small |
| 63. ________ competition is when two or more species seek the same resources. | ✅ Answer: A. Interspecific |
| 64. The range of conditions where a species actually exists due to competition is a ________. | ✅ Answer: B. realized niche |
| 65. _________ competition is when one competitor uses up the resources more efficiently than the other. | ✅ Answer: A. Exploitation |
| 66. Organisms that carry and transmit a parasite but are not affected by it are ________. | ✅ Answer: A. vectors |
| 67. Abundance of _________ is one of the four factors governing the spread of parasitic disease. | ✅ Answer: A. hosts |
| 68. Animals that eat herbivores are classified as: | ✅ Answer: C. Secondary consumers |
| 69. Trophic level efficiencies are assumed to be about ________%. | ✅ Answer: A. 10 |
| 70. A ________ is an example of a primary consumer. | ✅ Answer: B. grasshopper |
| 71. Food web ________ supports the stability of ecological communities. | ✅ Answer: C. complexity |
| 72. A _________ species plays a particular important role and is important to food web stability. | ✅ Answer: A. keystone |
| 73. Loss of ________ often results in a trophic cascade. | ✅ Answer: C. carnivores |
| 74. The total amount of CO₂ that photosynthetic organisms convert to organic carbon each year is called ________. | ✅ Answer: A. gross primary production (GPP) |
| 75. Identify the key step(s) of the carbon cycle. | ✅ Answer: C. both photosynthesis and respiration |
| 76. The Earth’s core is primarily composed of: | ✅ Answer: C. Nickel and iron |
| 77. The mantle is rich in which two elements? | ✅ Answer: B. Magnesium and silicon |
| 78. Which layer makes up about 70% of Earth’s volume? | ✅ Answer: C. Mantle |
| 79. What is a tectonic plate? | ✅ Answer: B. A large piece of Earth’s crust that moves over the mantle |
| 80. Which type of rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies? | ✅ Answer: C. Igneous |
| 81. What are the three major types of rocks? | ✅ Answer: B. Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
| 82. Which of the following is an example of an igneous rock? | ✅ Answer: C. Granite |
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