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psych unit 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| dissociative disorders- | disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. (Disruption of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behavior). |
| dissociative amnesia- | after trauma-complete loss of identity + memory |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID)- | a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities |
| personality disorder | psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
| antisocial personality disorder- | a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. |
| anorexia nervosa- | an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight |
| bulimia nervosa- | an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high- calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use), excessive exercise, or fasting |
| neurodevelopmental disorders- | central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior |
| Autism spectrum disorder- | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors |
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder- | extreme inattention and or hyperactivity/impulsivity |
| depressive disorders - | psychological disorders characterized by enduring sad, empty, or irritable mood, along with physical and cognitive changes that affect a person’s ability to function. |
| major depressive disorder | a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, at least two weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure |
| persistent depressive disorder- | causes people to experience a depressed mood on more days than not for at least two years |
| bipolar I disorder- | a severe mood disorder in which people experience a euphoric, talkative, highly energetic, an overly ambitious state that lasts a week or longer (after a depression) |
| mania | a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state, with poor judgement |
| bipolar II disorder- | less severe and faster cycling between depression and hypomania |
| rumination- | compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes |
| schizophrenia spectrum disorder- | a group of psychological disorders characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression |
| delusion | false belief: delusions of grandeur, i.e., more important than really are; delusions of persecution, i.e., people are out to get you; delusions of sin/guilt, i.e., something is your fault; delusions of influence, i.e., “the devil made me do it” |
| hallucination- | false sensory experience, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus (nothing there) |
| norepinephrine | increases arousal and boosts mood |
| serotonin | improves mood, physical exercise boosts serotonin levels |
| learned helplessness | develops when subjected to bad events over which you have no control people give up and stop trying to improve their situation. |
| rumination | compulsive fretting, overthinking our problems and their causes |
| positive symptoms | adding to normal behaviors, hallucinations, disorganized speech, inappropriate laughter. |
| chronic vs acute | chronic- difficult to recover, slow build, more stable and solid acute- recovery more likely, fast build, easy to knock away |
| symptoms of depressive disorders | changes in weight or appetite insomnia/sleeping too much fatigue or loss of energy physical agitation or lethargy thinking/concentration problems thoughts of suicide or death |
| negative symptoms | absence of normal behaviors, toneless voice, expressionless face, rigid body |
| dopamine overactivity | increases dopamine activity leading to schizophrenia |
| psycholgical disorder | a disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior that causes distress of suffering |
| medical model | the concept that diseases (and psychological disorders) have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and usually cured, - research has demonstrated genetic and biochemical causes for disorders, which can be treated with drug therapy. |
| bio psycho social approach | considers the interaction between biology (nature), our thinking patterns, and environment (nurture) to explain behavior |
| diathesis stress model | assumes that genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence psychological disorders. |
| epigenetics | the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change. |
| DSM 5 TR | diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. so psychologists can classify disorders according to their symptoms in order to describe the disorder, predict its future and treat it |
| anxiety disorders | psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors |
| maladaptive | interferes with daily life (like ocd) |
| social anxiety disorders | intense fear of being scrutinized by others fearing anxiety attacks can amplify symptoms |
| generalized anxiety disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror accompanying chest pain, choking, etc |
| agoraphobia | fear of being in open spaces or in public because people fear uncontrollable situations |
| phobias | an anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object |
| obsessive compulsive disorder | a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions) |
| post traumatic stress disorder | a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy, anxiety, numbness of feeling, or insomnia that lingers for 4 or more weeks after a traumatic experience |
| post traumatic growth | positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises |
| conditioning | humans learn to associate fear with certain places or things, |
| observational learning | we learn fear by observing others fears, especially our parents |
| reinforcement | we associate emotions with actions, depending on the results |
| biological factors | Inheriting genes linked to anxiety means you receive a higher vulnerability to developing an anxiety disorder brain functions- anxiety disorders caused by arousal of brain areas involved in impulse control/habitual behaviors (frontal lobe and amygdala) |
Created by:
Lilyhowes