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RSMI Ch. 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| research literacy involves what three things? | understanding methods, analyzing results accurately, and protecitng against misinformation |
| name four sources where researchers generate questions from | personal experiences and daily events, prior research and theory, real-world problems, and serendiptity (accidental discovery of something important) |
| brief, one-paragraph summary of the report | abstract |
| begins the narrative and may contain topical headings; describe general topic and specific questions studied, topic's significance, citations of prior research and theorizing, hypothesis | introduction |
| research design, participants, selection process, specific procedures, variables | method |
| how they analyzed data and present results; stastical findings shown in tables and graphs | results |
| reiterate key findings at greater length in nonstatistical or less stastistical terms; whether hyp were supported, theoretical and practical implications, limiations, issues to be resolved in further research | discussion |
| authors identify important articles on a topic and primarily integrate findings in a nonstastical manner, deriving major themes and conclusions from the literature (Annual Reviews) | qualitative review |
| experts identify and review empirical reports on a topic, categorizing the individual studies on the basis of their methodological quality (# or %) | quantitative review |
| a statistical procedure for combining the results of different studies that examine the same topic | meta-analysis |
| a statistical measure of the strength of a relation between two variables | effect size |
| using specific "facts" to fomr a general conclusion or principle | inductive reasoning |
| using a general principle to reach a more specific conclusion | deductive reasoning |
| characteristics of a good hypothesis | testable, falsifiable, specific |
| ___ research relies primarily on numerical data and analysis to describe and understand behavior, and ___ research seeks to achieve a relatively holistic or thematic description and understanding of behavior. | quantitative, qualitative |
| an analysis of the different types of content foudn within or represented by a set of data | content analysis |
| the researcher manipulates one or more variables , attempts to control extraneous factors, and then measures how the manipulated variables affect the participants' responses | experiment |
| represents the degree to which we confidently infer that our study demonstrated that one variable had a causal effect on another variable | internal validity |
| concerns inferences about the generalizability of the findings beyond the circumstances of the present study | external variable |
| the ___ consists of all the cases or observatiosn of interest to us in a given study, and a ___ is a subset of cases or observations | population, sample |
| an extreme score that can strongly influence the mean | outlier |
| characteristics of good theories | testability and specificity, internal consistency and clarity, empirical support, parsimony, and scientific impact |
| different componets or princioples of a theory should not contradict one another | internal consistency |
| concepts and the links between them should be clearly specified/understandable to experts in the fields | Clarity |
| explanations should use the minimum number of principles necessary to accoutn for the greatest number of facts | law of parsimony |
| entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily | Occam's razor |
| given the initial premise, "If X, then Y," it is logically incorrect to conclude, "If Y, then X" | affirming the consequent |
Created by:
alumesi