Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psyc test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a psychological disorder? | A disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior that causes distress or suffering. |
| What does maladaptive mean? | Behavior that interferes with daily life. |
| What does unjustifiable mean? | Behavior with no rational basis. |
| What does atypical mean? | Behavior that is unlike other people or violates a norm. |
| Who pushed for humane treatment in the 1800s? | Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix. |
| What changed since the 1950s in treatment? | Treatment shifted from mental hospitals to community programs and drug therapies. |
| What is the medical model? | The idea that disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated. |
| What is a limitation of the medical model? | It may depend on drugs without addressing the root problem. |
| What is the biopsychosocial approach? | It explains behavior through biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences. |
| What are biological influences? | Evolution, genes, brain structure, and brain chemistry. |
| What are psychological influences? | Stress, trauma, learned helplessness, mood, perceptions, and memories. |
| What are social-cultural influences? | Roles, expectations, and definitions of disorders. |
| What is the diathesis-stress model? | Genetic predispositions combine with environmental stressors to influence disorders. |
| What is epigenetics? | The study of environmental effects on gene expression without changing DNA. |
| What is the DSM-5-TR? | The manual used to classify psychological disorders. like dictionary |
| What is the psychodynamic perspective? | Disorders come from unresolved childhood conflicts and unconscious thoughts. |
| What is the humanistic perspective? | Disorders come from lack of social support and inability to fulfill potential. |
| What is the behavioral perspective? | Disorders come from maladaptive learned associations. |
| What is the cognitive perspective? | Disorders come from maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions. |
| What is the biological perspective? | Disorders come from genetic or physiological predispositions. |
| What is the evolutionary perspective? | Disorders involve maladaptive behaviors that once helped survival. |
| What is the sociocultural perspective? | Disorders are influenced by problematic social and cultural contexts. |
| Why can DSM 5tr labels be criticized? | Labels can change, create bias, and carry stigma. |
| What is the difference between “schizophrenic” and “person with schizophrenia”? | The second describes a person who has a disorder instead of defining their identity by it. |
| Are people with psychological disorders usually dangerous? | No; most are not dangerous and may be more likely to be victims of violence. |
| What is insanity? | A legal term, not a psychological or medical diagnosis. |
| What is an anxiety disorder? | A disorder involving persistent anxiety or behaviors used to reduce anxiety. |
| What is social anxiety disorder? | Intense fear of being scrutinized by others. |
| What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? | Continual apprehension with autonomic nervous system arousal. |
| What are common symptoms of GAD? | Persistent worry, anxiety, physical arousal, and sometimes panic attacks. |
| What is panic disorder? | Unpredictable episodes of intense dread with frightening physical sensations. |
| What is agoraphobia? | Fear of being in open or public spaces because situations may feel uncontrollable. |
| What is a phobia? | A persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation. |
| What is OCD? | A disorder involving unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions. |
| What are obsessions? | Unwanted repetitive thoughts. |
| What are compulsions? | Repetitive actions performed in response to anxiety or unwanted thoughts. |
| When do obsessions or compulsions become a disorder? | When they disrupt a person's life. |
| What is PTSD? | A disorder involving lasting trauma-related memories, nightmares, anxiety, withdrawal, numbness, or insomnia. |
| How long must PTSD symptoms linger according to the notes? | Four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. |
| What can increase vulnerability to PTSD? | An active limbic system and genetic predisposition. |
| Why can reliving trauma sometimes be harmful? | It can make the person feel threatened again. |
| What is posttraumatic growth? | Positive psychological changes resulting from struggling with major challenges. |
| What is conditioning? | Learning to associate fear with certain places, objects, or events. |
| How can unpredictable bad events condition anxiety? | They can create stronger fear associations. |
| What is observational learning? | Learning fear by observing the fears of others. |
| How does reinforcement maintain anxiety behaviors? | An action that reduces anxiety is more likely to be repeated. |
| What biological factors can influence anxiety? | Heredity and overarousal of brain areas involved in emotions and habits. |
| What brain areas are involved in anxiety? | The frontal lobe and amygdala. |
| What are depressive disorders? | Disorders involving enduring sad, empty, or irritable moods plus physical and cognitive changes. |
| How can normal depression differ from depressive disorders? | Normal sadness can be an adaptive response, while disorders seriously affect functioning. |
| What is major depressive disorder? | At least two weeks with five or more symptoms, including depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure. |
| What are symptoms of major depression? | Changes in weight/appetite, sleep, agitation/lethargy, fatigue, guilt/worthlessness, and concentration problems. |
| What is persistent depressive disorder? | Depressed mood on more days than not for at least two years. |
| What problems can persistent depressive disorder cause? | Problems with decisions, concentration, sleep, appetite, hope, self-esteem, and energy. |
| What is bipolar I disorder? | A severe mood disorder involving mania and depression. |
| What is mania? | A hyperactive, highly optimistic state with poor judgment. |
| How long does mania last? | At least one week. |
| What is bipolar II disorder? | A less severe disorder with depression and hypomania that cycles faster. |
| Why can mania be harmful? | People may ignore advice and take risky actions. |
| What do mood disorder studies show about depression? | Depression changes thoughts and behaviors and is more common in women. |
| What often precedes depression? | Stressful events involving work, marriage, or close relationships. |
| How does heredity affect mood disorders? | Mood disorders tend to run in families. |
| What happens to norepinephrine during depression? | Low norepinephrine can contribute to low mood. |
| How does serotonin affect mood? | Serotonin helps improve mood. |
| What is learned helplessness? | Giving up after repeated bad events that seem uncontrollable. |
| What are depressed people's common attributions? | They may view problems as stable, internal, and global. |
| What is rumination? | Compulsive fretting and overthinking about problems and their causes. |
| What are schizophrenia spectrum disorders? | Disorders involving symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or reduced emotional expression. |
| When does schizophrenia commonly develop? | Late adolescence or early adulthood. |
| What is a delusion? | A false belief. |
| What is a delusion of grandeur? | Believing you are more important or powerful than you really are. |
| What is a delusion of persecution? | Believing other people are trying to harm or target you. |
| What is a delusion of influence? | Believing outside forces control your actions. |
| What is a hallucination? | A false sensory experience without an external stimulus. |
| What type of hallucination is most common? | Auditory hallucinations. |
| What are other types of hallucinations? | Visual, tactile, taste, and smell hallucinations. |
| What are inappropriate behaviors/emotions in schizophrenia? | Disorganized speech, lack of speech, inappropriate laughter, flat emotions, or unusual body positions. |
| What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia? | Behaviors added to normal functioning, such as hallucinations and disorganized speech. |
| What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia? | Absences of normal behaviors, such as a toneless voice or expressionless face. |
| How does the environment affect schizophrenia? | Environmental factors can influence whether genetic predispositions develop into symptoms. |
| What is chronic schizophrenia? | Slow-developing schizophrenia that is more difficult to recover from. |
| What is acute schizophrenia? | Rapidly developing schizophrenia following a life stressor, with better recovery chances. |
| What is a dissociative disorder? | A disorder where conscious awareness becomes separated from memories, thoughts, or feelings. |
| What can dissociation involve? | Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, or behavior. |
| When do dissociative disorders usually occur? | They are usually a response to overwhelming stress. |
| What is dissociative amnesia? | Complete loss of identity and memory after trauma. |
| What is dissociative fugue? | Temporary loss of identity or memory involving travel away from home. |
| What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)? | A rare disorder involving two or more distinct and alternating personalities. |
| What can change between DID personalities? | Brain function, vision, balance, and self-perception can differ. |
| What are personality disorders? | Inflexible, enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. |
| What are the three personality disorder clusters? | Anxious/avoidant, odd/eccentric, and dramatic/impulsive. |
| Which disorders are in the anxious/avoidant cluster? | Avoidant and dependent personality disorders. |
| What is antisocial personality disorder? | A lack of conscience about wrongdoing, even toward friends and family. |
| Are people with antisocial personality disorder always violent or criminal? | No; some may be ruthless but successful in business. |
| Why are personality disorders difficult to diagnose? | It can be difficult to separate unusual traits from a true disorder. |
| How does culture influence eating attitudes? | Culture influences what foods people accept and attitudes toward body size. |
| How does situation affect eating? | People may eat more with others or while distracted. |
| What is anorexia nervosa? | Maintaining a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight. |
| What is associated with anorexia nervosa? | Distorted body perception and excessive exercise. |
| What is bulimia nervosa? | Binge eating followed by purging, excessive exercise, or fasting. |
| What are people with bulimia often preoccupied with? | Food and fear of becoming overweight. |
| What is binge-eating disorder? | Repeated binge eating followed by distress, disgust, or guilt without purging or fasting. |
| What can influence eating disorders? | Culture, family environment, genetics, and biology. |
| What are neurodevelopmental disorders? | Brain or central nervous system abnormalities that begin in childhood and affect thinking or behavior. |
| What are specific learning disorders? | Difficulties with spoken/written language or math lasting at least six months. |
| What are motor disorders? | Disorders causing problems planning or carrying out actions. |
| What is autism spectrum disorder? | A childhood disorder involving communication/social limitations and repetitive behaviors or fixed interests. |
| What factors can increase autism risk? | Stress or infection during pregnancy, genes, and genetic mutations. |
| What is ADHD? | Extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. |
| What are the main ADHD symptoms? | Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. |
| What treatment can help ADHD symptoms? | Stimulant medication can help treat symptoms. |
| Why do some people question ADHD diagnosis rates? | Some believe ADHD may be overdiagnosed. |
Created by:
mollyig