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RSMI Ch. 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| a system of moral principles and standards | ethics |
| psychologists should strive to benefit those with whom they work and be careful not to cause harm | beneficence and nonmaleficence |
| psychologists should behave in a trustworthy manner and adhere to professional codes of conduct and not exploiting people | fidelity and responsibility |
| psychologists should be honest and truthful, and should not engage in fraud | integrity |
| recognize that the benefits of their research, and of psychological science as a whole, should be made available to all persons | justice |
| respect the dignity and worth of all people, and the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination | respect for people's rights and dignity |
| The Institutional Review Board (IRB) exempts these studies from review: | anonymous surveys, interviews, naturalistic observations of people's public behavior, ananlysis of existing data, study of educational practices |
| Researchers apply for exempt status when | they believe their proposed study qualifies (comply with ethic regulations) or a member decides this or officialy delegate this evaluation to a qualified liaison |
| one ore more IRB memers can approve a research proposal, require modifications to it, or forward it to the full IRB for a review | expedited review |
| the evaluation of risks relative to benefits | risk/benefit ratio |
| the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests | minimal risk |
| when a proposed study involves mroe than minimal risk | at risk |
| potential for pain, physical injury, or physical discomfort (stressor); minimized through testing and monitoring equipment safety during studies, lectures emphasizing physical dangers, medical exams for participants, medical monitoring | physical harm |
| negative emotions, threats to one's self-esteem, psychological distress | psychological harm |
| when info obtained about a person becomes known, casuing the person to experience undesirable social consequences | social harm and loss of privacy |
| a participant's identity is unknown, even to the researcher | anonymity |
| participants' identities will not be released without their consent, and data from the study will be reported in a way that does not identify individual participants | confidentiality |
| overla with considerations of privacy and social, physical, and psychological harm | economic or legal harm |
| unexpected findings about a research participant that are not directly related to the study's purpose but those may be significant for the participant's or someone else's health or functioning | incidental findings |
| the principle that people have the right to make a voluntary, informed decision about wheter to participate in a study | informed consent |
| basic elements of informed consent | purpose and nature of research, anticipated risks and benefits, alternative procedures or treatments, confidentiality and limits to confidentiality, incentives and compensation, participation |
| vulnerable populations | children, prisoners, mentally disabled people, economically or educationally disadvantaged people, pregnant women |
| even though the person might not be able to comprehend the details of a study to the degree listed on a consent form, he or she provides some evidence of being willing to agree to participate in the study | assent |
| informed consent is not obligated for anonymous questionnaires or natural observations as long as | the procedures are unlikely to cause participants distress or harm, participants' responses are kept confidential, and their responses, if disclosed, would not cause harm |
| when researchers intentionally withlold information from potential participants that might influence their decision to provide IC (passive) or intentionally mislead participants about some aspect of a study | deception |
| a conversation with the participant that conveys additional information about the study | debriefing |
| when future participants learn info from previous participants that hey are not supposed know until after the data collection is complete; may distort their behaviro and threaten the findings' validity | contamination |
Created by:
alumesi