Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NATEX#2Read1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who defines the nation as an imagined political community? | Benedict Anderson |
| What are Anderson's four features of the nation? | Imagined, limited, sovereign, and a community. |
| What does "imagined" mean for Anderson? | Members feel connected despite never knowing most fellow members personally. |
| Does "imagined" mean fake or imaginary for Anderson? | No. All large communities must be imagined because members cannot all know one another. |
| Why is the nation "limited" for Anderson? | Every nation has boundaries beyond which other nations exist. |
| Why is the nation "sovereign" for Anderson? | Nationalism arose as divinely ordained dynastic rule lost legitimacy. |
| Why does Anderson call the nation a "community"? | It is imagined as deep horizontal comradeship despite actual inequality. |
| What puzzle motivates Anderson? | Why nations inspire such deep attachment and sacrifice despite being historically constructed. |
| What kind of bond does Anderson emphasize most? | A subjective sense of fellowship among otherwise anonymous strangers. |
| What is the easiest memory cue for Anderson? | ANDERSON = IMAGINATION: strangers imagine themselves together. |
| Which author should you think of when you see "imagined community"? | Anderson. |
| Which author focuses most directly on how people mentally conceive a large community? | Anderson. |
| What older political forms does Anderson contrast with nationalism? | Religious communities and dynastic realms. |
| Why are nations historically unusual for Anderson? | They create fellowship among enormous numbers of strangers who never meet. |
| What famous Anderson idea explains nationalism's emotional force? | Horizontal comradeship among members of the imagined nation. |
| Who says nationalism is primarily a political principle? | Ernest Gellner. |
| What is Gellner's basic principle of nationalism? | The political unit and national unit should be congruent. |
| What is nationalist sentiment for Gellner? | Anger at violation of national-political congruence or satisfaction when it is fulfilled. |
| What is a nationalist movement for Gellner? | A movement motivated by nationalist sentiment. |
| Does Gellner think nations and states naturally belong together? | No. Their apparent congruence is historically contingent, not natural. |
| Can nations exist without states according to Gellner? | Yes. Nations and states are not the same thing and neither automatically produces the other. |
| What two provisional definitions of nation does Gellner discuss? | Shared culture and mutual recognition of one another as members of the same nation. |
| Why are Gellner's provisional definitions insufficient by themselves? | Culture and recognition become nationally important only under particular social conditions. |
| What major historical change drives nationalism for Gellner? | The transition to modern industrial society. |
| What does industrial society require culturally for Gellner? | Standardized communication, literacy, education, and a common high culture. |
| Why does industrialization increase the need for cultural standardization? | Mobile specialized workers must communicate and retrain across roles. |
| What role does mass education play for Gellner? | It reproduces the standardized high culture required by industrial society. |
| What is "high culture" in Gellner's argument? | A standardized literate culture transmitted through formal education. |
| How does agrarian society differ from industrial society for Gellner? | Agrarian society tolerates many local cultures; industrial society pushes toward standardized culture. |
| What happens to local "low cultures" under nationalism in Gellner's account? | They are often replaced or absorbed by a standardized high culture. |
| Does Gellner think preexisting nations create nationalism? | Usually no; nationalism often creates the nations it claims merely to awaken. |
| What does "nationalism engenders nations" mean? | Nationalism helps construct unified national cultures from previously diverse populations. |
| Does Gellner think nationalism invents culture from nothing? | No. It uses existing cultures but transforms, selects, and standardizes them. |
| What is Gellner's famous description of nationalism culturally? | The general imposition of a high culture on a society of previously diverse local cultures. |
| What institution should instantly remind you of Gellner? | The school system. |
| What is the easiest memory cue for Gellner? | GELLNER = GEARS: industrial society needs standardized educated workers. |
| Which author most strongly links nationalism to industrialization? | Gellner. |
| Which author argues that nationalism creates nations rather than merely awakening them? | Gellner. |
| Which author should you associate with high culture and standardized education? | Gellner. |
| What does Hechter say nationalism is above all? | Political. |
| How does Hechter define nationalism? | Collective action designed to make nation and governance-unit boundaries congruent. |
| Why does Hechter use "governance unit" rather than simply "state"? | Governance existed before modern states and can occur at several territorial levels. |
| What is a governance unit for Hechter? | The territorial unit providing most order and collective goods to its members. |
| What kinds of goods does a governance unit provide? | Order, justice, welfare, protection, and similar collective goods. |
| What does national self-determination mean in Hechter's framework? | Making the nation's political boundaries match its governance boundaries. |
| Can congruence be pursued inclusively for Hechter? | Yes. Diverse groups can be incorporated as equal members of the polity. |
| Can congruence be pursued exclusively for Hechter? | Yes. Membership can be restricted or groups expelled or destroyed. |
| Is nationalism always liberal or always illiberal for Hechter? | Neither. His definition includes both inclusive and exclusive nationalism. |
| Why does Hechter reject moral definitions of nationalism? | Definitions should be analytical rather than simply separate good nationalism from bad nationalism. |
| Does nationalist art or sentiment alone count as nationalism for Hechter? | No. There must be political collective action seeking national self-determination. |
| Is nationalism a constant or variable for Hechter? | A variable; movements can pursue sovereignty to different degrees. |
| How does Hechter distinguish nationalism from imperialism? | Empires can rule diverse peoples without trying to make them culturally homogeneous. |
| How does Hechter distinguish nationalism from regionalism? | Regionalism seeks rights or resources without necessarily seeking sovereignty. |
| What is the basic core of a nation for Hechter? | A relatively large group of unrelated people with high solidarity. |
| Does language automatically create a nation for Hechter? | No. Language may matter in some cases but does not automatically produce national solidarity. |
| Does religion automatically create a nation for Hechter? | No. Objective differences alone do not necessarily create nationhood. |
| What subjective element matters for nationhood in Hechter? | Shared awareness that differences distinguish one group from relevant others. |
| What objective feature does Hechter think nations require? | Territoriality or a real or putative homeland. |
| How does Hechter distinguish a nation from a general ethnic group? | A nation is a territorially concentrated ethnic group associated with a homeland. |
| What relationship does Hechter propose between nations and ethnic groups? | Nations are a subset of ethnic groups. |
| Why does territorial concentration matter politically for Hechter? | It makes sovereignty and independent statehood more realistically attainable. |
| What is state-building nationalism for Hechter? | Central rulers assimilate or incorporate culturally distinct territories into a homogeneous polity. |
| What is peripheral nationalism for Hechter? | A distinct territory resists incorporation or seeks secession and self-government. |
| What is irredentist nationalism for Hechter? | A state seeks adjacent territory inhabited mainly by its co-nationals. |
| What is unification nationalism for Hechter? | Politically divided but culturally similar territories seek merger into one state. |
| Does Hechter consider patriotism a form of nationalism? | No. Patriotism concerns state prestige when nation and governance boundaries are already congruent. |
| What is the easiest memory cue for Hechter? | HECHTER = BORDERS: nation boundary should match governance boundary. |
| Which author should you think of when you see "governance unit"? | Hechter. |
| Which author emphasizes territorial concentration and homeland most explicitly? | Hechter. |
| Which author gives state-building, peripheral, irredentist, and unification types? | Hechter. |
| What idea do Gellner and Hechter share about nationalism? | Both emphasize congruence between national and political boundaries. |
| What separates Gellner from Hechter despite their shared congruence idea? | Gellner explains modern nationalism through industrial culture; Hechter defines and classifies political nationalism. |
| What separates Anderson from Gellner most clearly? | Anderson stresses imagined fellowship; Gellner stresses industrial standardization. |
| What separates Anderson from Hechter most clearly? | Anderson explains imagined belonging; Hechter emphasizes political action and territorial governance. |
| Which author asks how strangers can feel like one people? | Anderson. |
| Which author asks why modern society needs shared standardized culture? | Gellner. |
| Which author asks how nation and governance boundaries become politically aligned? | Hechter. |
| Which author is most associated with subjective imagination? | Anderson. |
| Which author is most associated with industrial society? | Gellner. |
| Which author is most associated with governance and territorial boundaries? | Hechter. |
| What three-word memory chain separates the authors? | Anderson = Imagine; Gellner = Industrialize; Hechter = Govern. |
| What image can help distinguish Anderson? | Picture millions of strangers imagining the same national community. |
| What image can help distinguish Gellner? | Picture a factory feeding into a standardized national school system. |
| What image can help distinguish Hechter? | Picture two maps whose national and governance borders are being made to match. |
| If a question mentions print-mediated imagined fellowship, which author is closest? | Anderson. |
| If a question mentions schools creating standardized high culture, which author is closest? | Gellner. |
| If a question mentions sovereignty, territoriality, and governance units, which author is closest? | Hechter. |
| Do all three treat nations as timeless natural entities? | No. All reject a simple primordial view of nations as naturally fixed and eternal. |
| What broad issue unites all three readings? | How large national communities are defined, constructed, and politically organized. |
Created by:
user-2048594