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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Treaty of Tordesillas | signed on June 7, 1494, was an agreement between Spain and Portugal that divided newly discovered non-European lands between the two Catholic nations. Drew a north to south line from pole to pole and Portugal got the lands to east and Spain to the west |
| Maryland Act of toleration | Religious tolerance for Christians. Guaranteed that no person professing a belief in Jesus Christ would be troubled or harassed for their religion. Banned slurs, strict penalties for blasphemy |
| Navigation Acts | The laws operated on the economic theory that colonies should benefit the mother country by supplying raw materials and buying finished goods. Rules meant to build large fleet of English ships to use at war, England keeps all the profits! |
| Key points Navigation Acts | All trade to and from the colonies had to be carried on ships that were owned, built, and mostly manned by Englishmen or colonists/ All goods shipped DIRECTLY to England/All goods pass through English ports to be taxed |
| Halfway Covenant | Declining membership so they Allowed people who had not experienced a full conversion to present their children for baptism. Puritan churches required proof of conversion and many didn't have proof so they could be "half members" |
| Indentured servants | signed a legal contract to work for a fixed term of four to seven years in exchange for free passage across the Atlantic Ocean, food, clothing, and shelter. From Europe, they worrked tobacco fields |
| effects of indentured servants | extremely important to the development of colonies and hard labor working the fields/ sometimes did not get the freedom dues they were owed |
| Mercantilism | an economic system from the 16th to 18th century where governments used high tariffs and colonies to maximize exports, minimize imports, and hoard gold |
| Benefits of mercantilism for Britain | Britain-guaranteed raw materials and didn't have to rely on foreign countries, colonies forced to buy from Britain, built up a massive Navy restricting trade to Britain only |
| Benefits of mercantilism for colonies | had a guaranteed built in buyer from england, England provided naval military defense, access to British credit |
| Causes of French and Indian War | competing territorial claim over the upper Ohio River Valley between Great Britain and France/ british colonists wanted to expand westard but french relied on that region for fur trading and link to canada and Louisiana |
| Spain motives of colonization | motives: 1492 for "gold, glory and God", wanted to extract as much gold to enrich the crown, they wanted to expand their territories to compete with other powerful european nations, and wanted to force all indigenous people to convert to christianity |
| France motives of colonization | mercantilism-sought out raw materials / spreading roman catholicism/ compete with rival powers |
| Britain motives of colonization | mainly to get wealthy, mercantilism and making the mother country rich, competition with Spain, moving the poor surplus population of English to colonies, religious freedom fleeing England |
| British policy changes after French and Indian War | |
| Spain methods of colonization | conquistadores and military force like Cortes, encomienda labor system forcing indigenous to work and then imported african slaves, missions to convert the indigenous to christianity and caste system based on race and birth |
| France methods of colonization | fur trade and indigenous alliances in north america, used slaves in caribbean colonies, military force |
| British methods of colonization | granting royal charters like Virginia Company to raise money and build armies and manage the territories, encouraged white europeans to migrate to the colonies to erase the indigenous populations, using slaves to work the fields for their benefit |
Created by:
vstewart