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Lab exam

QuestionAnswer
What does intrusive mean? Magma crystallizes at depth
What does extrusive mean? Lava solidifies on Earth’s surface
What textures are intrusive? Phaneritic (coarse-grained), porphyritic, pegmatitic
What textures are extrusive? Aphanitic (fine-grained), porphyritic, pyroclastic (fragmental), vesicular, glassy
What is felsic composition? (Light color) – High silica, low iron and magnesium
What is intermediate composition? Increasing silica and decreasing iron and magnesium
What is mafic composition? (Dark color) – Low silica, high iron and magnesium
What is ultramafic composition? Lowest silica and highest iron and magnesium
What minerals are considered felsic (granitic) minerals? Quartz, muscovite, potassium feldspar, sodium rich plagioclase feldspar
What rocks are felsic? Rhyolite (extrusive) and granite (intrusive)
What minerals are considered mafic (basaltic) minerals? Amphibole, pyroxene, biotite, and olivine
What rocks are mafic? Gabbro (intrusive) and Basalt (extrusive)
What rocks are intermediate? Diorite (intrusive) and andesite (extrusive)
What are the formations of the rock/mineral textures Phaneritic = slow cooling, Aphanitic = fast cooling, Vesicular/Glassy = fast cooling
What is clastic/detrital? Derived from Weathering/Erosion of Rock)
What is chemical? Precipitated from Solution
What is biochemical/bioclastic? Organic Matter / Skeletal or Shell Fragments
What does foliated mean? Foliation is a planar, layered, or banded structure in metamorphic rocks.
What does nonfoliated mean? No layering or banding
What is regional metamorphism? Regional metamorphism occurs over large areas under high pressure and moderate-to-high temperature during tectonic collisions, producing foliated rocks like slate, schist, and gneiss
What is contact metamorphism? contact metamorphism is localized around igneous intrusions, driven mainly by heat and forming non‑foliated rocks such as hornfels and marble.
What is schistosity? Schistosity is a type of foliation in metamorphic rocks characterized by the parallel alignment of platy or elongated minerals, allowing the rock to split easily into thin sheets.
 

 



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