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PSYCH 275
Midterm 1 10/9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| social psychology | scientific study of how people process ifnormation (think), influence, and related/interact with each other |
| casual/ experimental research | seek clues to 'cause effect' relationships |
| descriptive research | seeks to show what already exists |
| correlational research | connection between 2+ variables |
| ethical principles | informed consent protection from harm and significant discomfort protection of particpants confidentiality debriefing |
| debriefing | a full post experiemntal explanation of the study to participants |
| informed consent | must be told enough to ecide whether they want to particpate in research |
| self concept | answers the questions "who am I?" |
| spotlight effect | beliefs that others are paying more attention to one's appearence and behavior than they really are |
| illusion of transparency | thinking that our concealed emotions/feelings are evident and can be seen/read by others |
| looking glass self | process by which people evaluate themselves basedo n how others see them (imagined) |
| individualism | giving priorty to one's goals defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications |
| collectivist culture | goal of social life is to harmonize with and support one's community |
| individualist culture | goal is to enhance self and make choices -- personal success/achievement |
| self esteem | my value/worth individual evaluation of self-worth |
| low self esteem | lonliness and eating disorders |
| high self esteem | more likely to savoe and sustain good feelings when good things happen |
| self efficacy | sense that one is competenet and effective leavel on competence onces feels on a task leads up to set challenging goals and to persist |
| self serving bias | cognitive bias tenency to perceive "self" favorable |
| self handicapping | protecting one's self image with behaviors that create a handy excuse for later failure |
| self presentation | communicating/bahving in ways designed to create a favorable expression |
| self monitoring | attuned to the way one presents in social situations --adjusting performance for the desired impression |
| FaST | frequent exposure bias status quo tunnel vision |
| frequent exposure bias | the more we see the more we trust something |
| status quo | must notice when we stick to the status quo loss aversion and the endowment effect |
| tunnel vision | limited information to create judgements and blocking out anything other information what we see is all there is |
| heuristic | enable quick judgements (fast descision making) |
| representativeness (heuristic) | estimate the provavility of an event basedo n how ismilar is it to a known situation presume someone or something belongs to a particular group is resembling a typical memeber |
| availability (heuristic) | cognitive bias that judges the likelihood of things in terms of its availability in memory --if instances of something come to mind easily -- believe it to be commonpalce |
| beleief perseverance (cocneptual conservatism) | tendency to hold on to existing beleifs, even when those beleifs are discredited by new information/evidence |
| confirmation bias | people seek out and recall information that supports hteir preconceived beleifs |
| system one | snap judgement |
| what causes belief perseverence | overconfidece mood/effect |
| attribution theory | explanation of how people interpret the causes of events and bahviors reasons people give for their own and others' behaviors |
| 2 types of attributions | dispositional attribution situational attribution |
| dispositional attribution | attributing behaior to the person's dispositions and traits |
| situational attribution | attributing bheavior to the environment |
| fundamental attribution error | tendency for observers to underestimate istuation influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon others' behavior |
| self fulfilling prophecy | beliefs that lead sot its own fulfillment --ignore infor that does not align with beleif -- amplify data that comforms belief |
| when does self fulfilling prophecy occcur | a person's experiences or beliefs about a isutation lead to actions that make those expectations happen |
| pygmalion effect | a type of other imposed self fulfilling prophecy -- the way you treat someone has a direct impact on that person's behavior |
| attitude | influence by our beleifs predispose us to rspond favorably or unfavorably to objects people, and events |
| when do attitudes predict behavior | expressed attitude are subject to outside influences |
| self presentation theory (impression management theory) | most people care about what others think of them theory assumes that for stategic reasons, we express attitudes and behaviors that make us appear consistent with how we want to be perceived by others |
| self justification/cognitive dissonance theory | tension, awareness of inconsistent cognitions/thoughts/actions simultaneously reducting tension, required thinking adjustment |
| selective exposure | tendency to seek iformation supporting views --avoid dissonany information |
| insufficient justification | focus within -- internally justifying behavior when external justification is insufficient |
| self perception theory | behavior occurs first unsure of attitude |
| epigenetics | how behaviors and environment can cause hcanges that affect the way genes work |
| conformity | tendency to act or think like members of a group |
| acceptance conformity | involving both activing and behving in accord with social pressure |
| compliance conformity | involving publically acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing |
| obediance compliance | involving acting in accord with a direct order or command |
| persuasion | process to change attitudes, beleifs, or behaviors through messaging in an atmosphere of free chocie |
| 6 principles of persuasion | authority liking social proof reciprocity consistency scarcity |
| central route (CR) | occurs whne interested people focus on the arguments consider are respond with favorable thoughts/behaviors |
| peripheral route (PR) | occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a a speaker's attractiveness cultural or individual 'likes' |
| common componeents of persuasion explored by social psychologists | communicator, message, how the message is communicated, audience |
| foot in the door phenomenon | tennecy for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with larger requests |
| lowball technique | people who agree to an initial request will often still comply when the requester ups the ante --people who receive only the request are less likely to comply |
| door in the face technique | after someone first turns down a large request, the same requester counter offers with a more reasonable request |
| inoculation thoery | resistance to persuasion cna be created by exposing people to weak persuasive atacks hat are easily refuted |
Created by:
stella_koe