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Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| act | legislation that has passed both houses of Congress, has been signed into law by the president, or passed despite their veto, and therefore becomes law |
| Declaration of Independence | the founding document that provided a justification for independence, including a list of the grievances of the colonies against the King of England; adopted July 4, 1776, by the Second Continental Congress |
| Grievance | a complaint |
| taxation | money charged by a government for specific facilities or services |
| fair trial | a trial that is conducted fairly, justly, and with procedural regularity by an impartial judge and in which the defendant is afforded his or her rights under the U.S. Constitution (ex. speedy, jury, no excessive punishments) |
| judicial | the branch of government that interprets the laws and actions coming from the legislative and executive branches |
| legislative | the branch of government that makes the laws |
| quartering soldiers | when the government forces individuals to provide housing, food, and other support to soldiers |
| tyranny | oppressive power exerted by government |
| armed forces | the nation’s military |
| Articles of Confederation | the first constitution of the United States, in effect from 1781 until 1787 |
| Constitutional Convention | a meeting in Philadelphia in 1787, where delegates decided to throw out the Articles of Confederation and draft the U.S. Constitution |
| debt | something owed, such as money |
| Executive Branch | the branch of government that enforces the laws |
| militia | the entire body of physically fit civilians eligible by law for military service |
| Shay's Rebellion | an event when 2,000 Massachusetts farmers rebelled against land foreclosures and debt from the Revolutionary War |
| US Constitution | the document that lays out the principles of American government, establishes the form and system of government, and serves as the supreme law of the land |
| checks and balances | a principle of government that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches |
| Federalists | a group of people in early United States history who favored the establishment of a strong national government and who worked for ratification of the U.S. Constitution |
| Anti-federalists | a group of people in early U.S. history who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution because they feared a strong national government and a lack of protection for individual rights |
| Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; addresses Americans' rights in relation to the government |
| ratification | the process of formally approving something |