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Human Nutrition Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are some examples of monosaccharides? | Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose |
| What are some examples of disaccharides | Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose |
| How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrates? | 4 Calories |
| What is the ADMR for carbohydrates | 45-65% of total calories |
| What enzyme breaks down sucrose | Sucrase |
| What is the main sugar in milk | Lactose |
| What are normal fasting blood glucose levels | 70-99 mg/dL |
| What is low blood glucose called? | Hypoglycemia |
| What is high blood glucose called? | Hyperglycemia |
| What hormone lowers blood glucose | Insulin |
| What hormone raises blood glucose? | Glucagon |
| What are three benefits of fiber? | Helps digestion, Lower cholesterol, and controls blood glucose levels |
| What is functional fiber? | Isolated or manufactured nondigestible carbohydrates with health benefits. |
| What is a common sugar alcohol | Sorbitol |
| what is aspartame also called | NutraSweet |
| What should people with PKU avoid | High-phenylalanine foods and aspartame |
| What are the three major types of diabetes | Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational Diabetes |
| What is metabolic syndrome | A group of conditions increasing risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes. |
| What is the storage form of fat | Triglicerides |
| What does Bile do? | Emulsifies fat so that digestive enzymes can break it down |
| What is lingual lipase | An enzyme in the mouth that begins fat digestion |
| What does LDL transport | Cholesterol to Body tissues |
| What does HDL help do | Carries cholesterol back to the liver to be removed |
| What type of fat is common in olive oil | Monounsaturated Fat |
| What type of fish is common in fish and walnuts | Polyunsaturated Fat |
| What foods are high in staturated fat | Butter Fatty meats cheese and whole milk |
| What is Atherosclerosis | Plaque buildup in the arteries that can restrict blood flow |
| What are proteins made of? | Amino Acids |
| what is the protein RDA for adults | 0.8 g/kg of body weight per day |
| What is the protein AMDR | 10-35% or total calories |
| What are essential amino acids | Amino acids that the body cannot make enough of and must get from food |
| What are nonessential amino acids | Amino acids that the body can make on its own |
| What are the 4 levels of protein structure | Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary |
| What is protein denaturation | A change in the proteins shape that can cause a loss of function |
| What is kwashiorkor caused by | Sever Protein Deficiency |
| What is a complementary protein | Two plant proteins combined to provide all essential amino acids |
| What is an example of complementary protein | Rice and Beans |
| What is a lacto-ovo vegetarian | Someone who eats dairy and eggs but no meat, poultry or fish. |
| Name three common food alergens | Milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish, or shellfish. |
| Where is most alcohol absorbed | The small intestine |
| What is the main organ that metabolizes alcohol? | The liver |
| What type of alcohol has the highest ethanol concentration | Distilled spirits/liquor |
| How much alcohol is in wine | About 12% ABV |
| What is intoxication? | Alcohol causing impaired judgement, coordination, or other functions. |
| What is fetal alcohol syndrome | Developmental problems caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy |
| What can heavy alcohol cause | Liver disease, heart problems, cancers, pancreatitis, and nutrient deficiencies |
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