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gt vocab unit 5 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abolition of slavery DEF | international movement btwn 1780 and 1890 accelerated by the Haitian revolution + great jamaica revolt in which religious, secular, and increasing middle class voices condemned slavery and serfdom through moral, economic, and enlightenment ideas |
| Abolition of slavery SIG | Britain abolished slavery in 1833 and used economic and military power to pressure other nations, and abolition spread across Lat. Am, the US, and Brazil in later decades |
| Feminism DEF | An intellectual and political movement that emerged in late 18-19 centuries that asserted that women have individual rights equal to those of men. It grew from women involvement in reform movements and took on different forms depending on the context |
| Feminism SIG | It challenged assumption of the enlightenment that universal rights applied to men only, shows how a single ideological framework produced diverse reform movements based on local conditions. |
| Great Jamaica Revolt DEF | Rebellion of about 60k enslaved people in jamaica led by samuel sharpe. Began as a planned general strike but escalated into an armed uprising that had to be suppressed with violence by the British colonial forces |
| Great Jamaica Revolt SIG | This revolt horrified the british abolitionists and accelerated debate over empancipath and 2 years later Britain abolished slavery (emphasized power of enslaved ppls own resistance drove movement, not js arguments from above) |
| Maori Nationalism DEF | A 19th century movement by the indigenous people of New Zealand resisting colonialism and land confiscation combining petitions, legal challenges, and armed conflict. Leaders formed a unified political structure to negotiate w crown (kingitanga) |
| Maori Nationalism SIG | Demonstrated active role of colonized people in terms of shaping colonial encounters rather than reacting passively and the success of their negotiation alongside their military failure, shows the range of outcomes available in this situation |
| Olympe De Gouge Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen (1791) DEF | Written by french feminist and activist in response to the declaration of rights of man and citizen which argued that the french revolution betryaed women by declaring that universal rights applied only the men |
| Olympe De Gouge Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Female Citizen (1791) SIG | De Gouge was executed by gov. for her writings which is an example of a Rev fought in the name of liberty which suppressed women political participation and that the atl. revs were fundamentally incomplete |
| Mary Wollstonecraft's vindication of the rights of woman (1792) DEF | A work which argues that women are rational beings that are entitled to the same education and political rights as men. Turned enlightenment logic against itself by saying if reason is base of rights than women rationality entitles them to equal right |
| Mary Wollstonecraft's vindication of the rights of woman (1792) SIG | Her argument was inspired by de gouges dec of rights of woman and female citizen and it inspired seneca falls convention. Showed that when enlightenment ideals are taken seriously it could produce demands the author intended to grant |
| Self strengthening movement DEF | Program of selective modernization by Qing dynasty officials after military defeats and unequal treaties w western powers. focused on building western style arensals shipyards + military academies + preserving their confucian social + political structures |
| Self Strengthening movement SIG | Failed bc conservative officials and landlord class resisted change threatening power and bc military modernization without social and econ transformation left china vulnerable. Their defeat by japan in 1894-95 exposed limits of superficial reform. |
| Lola Rodriguez de Tio DEF | Independence activist who used her writing to advocate for puerto Rican autonomy and independence from Spain, she wrote the lyrics to La Borinquena |
| Lola Rodriguez de Tio SIG | represents the use of cultural production as one of the driving forces for national politics and role of women in anti colonial movements. Her being exiled multiple times show how colonial authorities viewed cultural expression as a political threat |
| Ottomanism DEF | ideology developed by young ottomans, wanted to strengthen the empire by creating a charged civic identity beyond religion, ethnicity, and language. All subjects were = subjects under constitutional gov., blending western political models w islamic values |
| Ottomanism SIG | This failed because non turkish groups preferred their own nationalist movements. Its failure contributed to more aggressive turkish nationalism and the empires eventual dissolution |
| Meiji Restoration DEF | political rev in japan in where reformist samurai overthrew tokugawa shogunate + restored nominal power back to emperor Meiji. new gov launched rapid state directed modernization selectively adopting western models + preserving their cultural identity |
| Meiji Restoration SIG | As the only non western nation to fully industrialize in the 19th century, its strategy of selective borrowing, cultural preservation, and state direction serves as a sharp contrast of failed attempts in china and ottoman empire (specify names) |
| Muhammad Ali Pasha DEF | Ottoman appointed governor of egypt who built a de facto independent dynasty after french occupation. He ended mamluk power, modernized military, and made cotton Egypt's main export crop among other things in a state led modernization |
| Muhammad Ali Pasha SIG | he was a ruler who attempted modernization using european models w/o becoming a colony. This industrialization ultimately failed because of its vulnerability as an export dependent economy that weakened when demand 4 cotton dropped. |
| Zaibatsu DEF | Big family owned industrial/financial conglomerates at core of japans industrialization under meiji government. the major zaibatsu (ex. Mitsubishi) operated across many industries + worked closely w state |
| Zaibatsu SIG | Shows how japan combined private enterprise and government direction in a unique manner. Their dominance produced rapid industrial growth but concentrated power in an "industrial military elite" that helped shape 20th century aggressive foreign policy |
| Tanzimat DEF | series of reforms in the ottoman empire launched by ottoman officials and later pushed towards a constitutional gov by the young ottomans. established legal = for all ppl regardless of religion, reorganized military, adopted some western style laws/courts |
| Tanzimat SIG | Gave legal equality to non ruslims but it also gave non turk groups tools that would accelerate ethnic nationalism. The sultan at the time suspended their constitution in 1878 and+restored autocratic rule + his position caliph to re legitimize authority |
| Unequal treaties DEF | agreements imposed on china by western power following military defeats which granted foreigners special privileges such as being exempt from chinese law and access to treaty ports (etc). treaty of Nanjing was the first and it ended the first opium war |
| Unequal treaties SIG | Although never formally colonized the economic imperialism by foreigners was humiliating, which fueled chinese nationalism and inspired the self strengthening movement, when that failed the boxer rebellion and chinese rev of 1911 |
| Telegraph DEF | electrical communication tech developed in 1830s-1840s that transmitted encoded messages over long distances at high speed. Submarine telegraphs connected continents by 1860s making global communication possible for the first time |
| Telegraph SIG | For imperial powers the telegraph allowed orders and news to flow faster across empires allowing for coordination of military campaigns, financial transactions, and administrative control (previously impossible). Also linked global commodity markets. |
| Fossil Fuels Revolution DEF | The shift in primary energy. resources of wood water and wind to coal and oil in 18th century made possible by invention of the steam engine and later internal combustion engine (powered factories, railroads, steamships) |
| Fossil Fuels Revolution SIG | w/o oil and coal there would be no mass production/global transport netweks. Fossil Fuel rev also began accumulation of greenhouse gases whose effects still are seen today |
| Abolition of serfdom russia DEF | Tsar alexanders decree freeing about 23 million serfs legally bound to land and lords was driven by dear of rebellion, econ, inefficiency, and moral pressure. Unlike US emancipation, the decree transferred portion of nobles land to the peasants |
| Abolition of serfdom russia SIG | Peasants were required by nobles to pay redemption dues over 49 years, in combination w rural pop growth most ex serfs remained in poverty and politically volatile, fueling radicalism that produced russian revolution of 1917 |
| Maternal feminism DEF | Feminist thought prominent in france which argued for women's political rights on the basis as their socially important role of mothers raising the next generation. Women have both the right and civic duty to participate in public and politcal life |
| Maternal feminism SIG | Shows that the feminist movement was not ideologically unified and that (different arguments appealed to different audiences and had different implications. )Traditional social roles could also be turned into a basis for expanding rights |
| Propaganda movement DEF | led by european educated mestizo and creole filipinos, it was first organized filipino nationalist movement that advocated through journalism and media for full incorporation into spain as a province with equal rights for filipinos |
| Propaganda movement SIG | Movement failed but helped influence philippine rev of 1896 for full independence from spain, showing that colonial leaders used enlightenment ideals for equality to challenge colonial rule |
| Seneca Falls convention DEF | First organized women's rights convention in US history where Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted dec of sentiments based on dec of independence ot demand full legal and political equality for women. |
| Seneca Falls convention SIG | Its deliberate rewriting of DOI shows how revolutionary docs that overpromised on equality generated later movements demanding fulfullment of those promises. |
| Factory system DEF | Replaced cottage industry and concentrated production under one roof using machinery, division or labor, and time discipline to produce goods at scale. Workers performed specialized and repeated tasks rather than producing the whole product. |
| Factory system SIG | Factory system made mass production possible but harsh conditions of long hours, dangerous machinery, child labor, and rigid discipline produced labor movement, socialism, and government reform legislation |
| Decline of asian manufacturing DEF | productive regions in asia + middle east were de indust. as cheap, machine brit goods filled global market in 1st ind. rev leading to collapse of shipbuilding in india + SE asia + decline iron works in india + destruction of textile prod. in india + egypt |
| Decline of asian manufacturing SIG | India went from being worlds largest textile exporter to supplier of raw cotton 4 british mills showing how deindustrialization locked regions into a dependent raw material exporting economy as part of 19th century econ imperialism |
| first ind. rev DEF | Began in Brit and spread to w europe, us, russia, and japan in late 19th century. defined by mechanization of textile prod, coal fired steam engines, and growth of iron industries enabling mass production and transforming economies from agr. to industrial |
| first ind. rev SIG | Shifted global balance of econ and military power towards western europe and US driving 19th century imperialism which caused deindustrialization and generated global inequalities. |
| Railroads and steamships DEF | steam powered transportation tech transformed movement of ppl + goods n 19th century. Railroads integrated continent interiors w nat. + global econ. Steamships redueced ocean crossing time + cost made transoceanic trade + mass migration possible. |
| Railroads and steamships SIG | Infrastructure of both industrialization and imperialism, moving raw materials to ports, finished goods to markets, troops to frontiers, etc. W/o these euro powers could not have extracted resources.administered from african/asian interior |
| Second Industrial revolution DEF | Second half on19th century, centered on steel, chemicals, electricity, precision machinery, rubber and telephone. ALong w brits led by germany and US. now more closer links btwn sci research and industrial application |
| Second industrial revolution SIG | Intensified global power gap btwn industrialized and not societies, providing military tech (ex. machine guns ) that made african and asian imperialism possible. Shifted econ leadership from brits to germany + US setting up rivalries contributing to WWI |
| Nationalism DEF | Belief that people bound by common language, culture, or territory deserve self governance. Built identity through shared stories, songs, rituals, etc and took on diff forms. For example it was racial in Germany and assimilationist in the US. |
| Nationalism SIG | Drove the Atlantic revolutions, unified Germany and Italy, motivated reform within weakening empires, fueled euro imperialism as states competed for colonies as symbol of national greatness and fueled anti colonialism resisting those efforts |
Created by:
yushi