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joints
synovial
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| plane (gliding) joints | Flat or slightly curved surfaces that slide past each other, allowing limited non-axial or gliding movements. Ex: carpals and tarsals |
| Hinge Joints | Operates like a door hinge, permitting angular movement in a single plane ex: elbow and knee |
| Pivot Joints | A rounded or conical bone surface fits into a ring formed by another bone and ligament, allowing rotation around a single axis (uniaxial). C1&2 |
| Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joints | An oval convexity fits into an elliptical cavity, allowing movement along two axes (biaxial: back-and-forth and side-to-side) without rotation. ex radiowrist |
| Saddle Joints | Both bones have saddle-shaped surfaces (concave in one direction and convex in the other), allowing greater angular movement in two planes (biaxial). ex: base of thumb |
| Ball-and-Socket Joints | A spherical head fits into a cuplike socket, offering the greatest range of motion in multiple directions (multiaxial). ex: shoulder and hip |