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Sexual Selection

Intro to Evolution

QuestionAnswer
What is Sexual Selection? Selection caused by differential reproductive success due to variation in the ability to attract or secure mates.
What are Secondary Sexual Traits? Traits selected specifically for securing mates rather than for non-mating survival.
What is the Operational Sex Ratio (OSR)? The average ratio of the limiting sex to the competing sex ready to mate at any given time.
Define Monopolization in mating systems. The ability of individuals to control access of others to potential mates or critical resources.
What is Potential for Polygamy? The degree to which multiple mates or critical resources needed to gain mates are economically defendable.
How does mate number variance differ between Monogamy and Polygyny? Monogamy has zero mate variance for both sexes; Polygyny has very high male variance and zero female variance.
What is Polyandry? A mating system with 1 female and 2+ males, resulting in high female mate number variance
List two costs associated with polygamy mentioned in lecture. Seminal sperm toxins (e.g., Drosophila) and semelparity (mating to death).
What behavior do female dragonflies use to avoid male harassment? Death feigning (playing dead).
What is Intrasexual Selection? Sexual selection resulting from competition between members of the same sex (usually male-male competition).
Under what ecological conditions do weapons evolve? When essential resources are concentrated in space or time and are economically defendable.
What are two alternative male mating strategies used when males cannot win direct combat? Sneaking (e.g., hornless dung beetles) and Sexual Mimicry (e.g., isopod morphs).
Name four mechanisms of Sperm Competition. Sperm removal, mate guarding, extended mating, and killing rival sperm.
What is Intersexual Selection? Sexual selection resulting from interaction between sexes, where one sex chooses mates based on fitness signals.
What is the Good Genes Hypothesis? The theory that female mate choice targets secondary sexual traits that signal underlying genetic fitness.
What is Fisher's Runaway Selection? A process where natural selection and sexual selection act in opposing directions on the same trait.
Outline the stages of Fisher's Runaway Selection. 1. Survival advantage -> 2. Female preference arises -> 3. Survival + Choice boost trait -> 4. Trait reaches survival optimum -> 5. Female choice drives trait past survival optimum
Created by: bbrdd
 

 



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