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test
unit 2 and 3
| Term | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| cohesion | water to water | |
| adhesion | water to other surfaces | |
| capillary action | water moves upward | |
| water has | slightly negative oxygen and slightly positive hydrogen ends | |
| specific heat | water takes up alot of energy to change tempature | |
| water as a solvent | water dissolve's substances because it is polar | |
| carbohydrates | monosaccharides | quick energy |
| lipids | glycerol and fatty acids | long term energy, membranes |
| proteins | amino acids | structure, enzymes, transport |
| nucleic acids | nucleotides | store genetic information |
| saturated fats | solid at room temp, no double bonds | |
| unsaturated fats | has one or more double bonds, liquid at room temp | |
| Nucleotide | sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base | |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions | |
| denaturation | when enzymes shape changes | |
| nucleus | stores dna | |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes | |
| ribosomes | makes protein | |
| rough er | has ribosomes, makes proteins | |
| smooth er | no ribosomes, makes lipids | |
| golgi apparatus | process and packages proteins | |
| lysosome | digest waste, break down old cell parts | |
| mitochondria | produce ATP | |
| centrioles | help organize spindle fibers during cell division | |
| vesicles | small membrane sacs, transport materials | |
| cell membrane | controls what enters and leaves body | |
| microtubules | part of cytoskeleton | |
| microfilaments | part of cytoskeleton | |
| cytoskelton | helps with shape, movement | |
| protein production and transport | DNA- RNA- Ribosome- Rough ER- Golgi- Vesicle- Destination | |
| cell membrane | phospholipid Bilayer | |
| Phospholipid head | hydrophilic, likes water | |
| phospholipid tails | hydrophobic, avoid water | |
| cell transport | diffusion, high to low concentration | |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a membrane, more solute | |
| facilitated diffusion | high to low, no ATP | |
| active transport | low to high, requires ATP | |
| endocytosis | cell brings material into cell | |
| exocytosis | cell sends material out of the cell | |
| hypertonic | outside has more solute | |
| hypotonic | water moves into cell | |
| isotonic | water moves both ways equally, cell stays about the same | |
| interphase includes | g1- s- g2 | |
| interphase | dna is copied | |
| prophase | chromosomes condense, spindle fibers form | |
| metaphase | chromosomes line up in the middle | |
| anaphase | sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite sides | |
| telophase | new nuclear envelopes form, chromosomes reach opposite sides | |
| cytokenisis | the cytoplasm divides, producing 2 daughter cells | |
| chromosome | condensed DNA | |
| sister chromatids | 2 identical copies of a chromosome | |
| centromere | the region holding sister chromatids together | |
| spindle fibers | pull chromosomes apart during mitosis | |
| mitosis order | prophase- metaphase- anaphase- telophase | |
| cell theory | all living things are made of one or more cells | |
| prokaryotic | no nucleus, no membrane, smaller, ex. bacteria | |
| eukaryotic | has nucleus, has membrane, larger complex, ex. animals | |
| cellular respiration | make ATP/usable energy for the cell | |
| tay sachs | related to a malfunctioning lysosome | |
| PCD | primary ciliary dyskinesia, involved with cilia | |
| diabetes | related to problems regulating blood glucose | |
| cancer | uncontrolled cell division | |
| situs inversus | organs are positioned as a mirror image of the usual locations | |
| gut4 | is a glucose transporter protein | |
| lysosome, digestive enzymes | breaks down waste and cellular materials, tay sachs |
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