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chapter 3
definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| therapeutic effects | clinically desirable actions |
| adverse effects | undesirable reactions |
| toxic reaction | the desired effect is excessive |
| side effect | dose-related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic outcome |
| contraindication | an aspect of a patient’s condition that makes the use of a certain drug or therapy an unwise or dangerous decision. |
| idiosyncratic reaction | genetically related abnormal drug response |
| drug allergy | immunologic response to a drug resulting in a reaction such as a rash or anaphylaxis |
| interference with natural defense mechanisms | when a drug reduces the body’s ability to fight infections. |
| teratogenic effect | abnormality in fetal development caused by exposure to certain substances, such as drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy |
| Type I hypersensitivity | Immediate hypersensitivity reactions. IgE antibodies: produces vasodilation, edema and the inflammatory response. bronchioles, resulting in anaphylactic shock. Respiratory, results in rhinitis and asthma. Skin results in urticaira |
| Type II hypersensitivity | IgG or IgM antibodies. Antibody complex is fixed to a circulating blood cell causing lysis. Results in anemia |
| Type III hypersensitivity | aggregations of antigens and antibodies, where antibodies out number antigens forming clumps: manifested as serum sickness, urticarial, arthritis, lymphadenopathy and fever. |
| Type IV hypersensitivity | Delayed hypersensitivity. Sensitized T-lymphocytes and macrophages. Manifests as allergic contact dermatitis, poison oak, poison ivy, reaction to jewelry, topical benzocaine, etc. |
| Stomatitis | a broad term that refers to any inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, including the cheeks, gums, tongue, lips, and roof or floor of the mouth. Can cause symptoms like soreness, swelling, and ulcers. |
| oral mucositis | A specific type of stomatitis involving painful inflammation and ulcerations of the mucous membranes in the mouth, most commonly as a side effect of cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation therapy |
| glossitis | Inflamed tongue |
| Aphthous stomatitis | Canker sore |
| xerostomia | medical term for dry mouth |
| sialorrhea | increased salivation/hypersalivation |
| gingival hyperplasia (gingival enlargement) | an overgrowth or enlargement of the gum tissue. |
| trismus | limited ability to open the mouth due to muscle spasm, inflammation, or injury. |
| bruxism | the grinding or clenching of teeth, often unconsciously during sleep or stress |
| erythema multiforme | is an acute, immune-mediated skin condition characterized by the sudden appearance of distinctive target-like (bullseye) lesions, often triggered by infections or medications, or other factors |
| Stevens-Johnson syndrome | rare but serious condition where the skin and mucous membranes (mouth and eyes) react to an infection or medication. This causes redness, blistering and peeling. Can cause painful sores in the mouth. It can also increase the risk of mouth infections due |
| dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing |
| dysphonia | Difficulty or discomfort in speaking |
| dysgeusia | Altered sense of taste, Taste distortion |
| angioedema | rapid swelling beneath the skin or mucous membranes, often involving the lips, tongue, face or throat. |
| tardive dyskinesia | involuntary repetitive movements, often affecting the face, mouth, and extremities. |
| candidiasis | also known as a yeast infection, is a fungal infection caused by candida, a type of yeast |
| agranulocytosis | Abnormally low WBC – can lead to poor wound healing, oral ulcers necrotic lesions and oral infections |
| melasma | Brown patches on skin, mostly the face |
| diaphoresis | is abnormal or heavy sweating, often caused by medication, fever, pain, anxiety, hypoglycemia, or a medical emergency. |
| alopecia | condition that causes hair loss |
| orthostatic hypotension | Orthostatic hypotension is a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person sits up or stands up, causing dizziness or fainting |
| necrosis | premature death of cells or tissues in the body due to factors like injury, infection, or lack of blood flow |
| urticaria | commonly known as hives, is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts or bumps |
| pruritus | medical term for itching |
| dyspepsia | general discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen: symptoms bloating, nausea, and indigestion. |
| myopathy | Muscle weakness |
| myalgia | Muscle pain or muscle aches |
| thrombocytopenia | an abnormally low number of platelets in the blood – can lead to increase risk of bleeding |
Created by:
kyragressett