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PSYCH 1.6bc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| wavelength (frequency) | the distance from the peak of one light wave or sound wave to the peak of the next |
| Amplitude | height of the wave |
| Cornea | the eye's clear, protective outer layer covering the pupil and iris |
| Pupil | a small adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light passes |
| Iris | a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening by expanding and contracting over the pupil |
| Lens | the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina |
| Retina | the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information |
| Rods | retinal photoreceptors that detect black, white, and gray, and are sensitive to movement |
| Cones | retinal photoreceptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina and function in daylight or in well-lit conditions *fine detail and create color sensation* |
| Fovea | central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cone cluster --> sharpness of focus |
| Optic Nerve | comprised of the axons of the ganglion cells --> carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain (visual Cortex of occipital lobe) |
| Blind Spot | the optic disk is the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there |
| Young-Helmholts trichromatic theory | a theory of color vision that says cones are sensitive to red, green, and blue light |
| Hearing opponent-process theory | cone photoreceptors are paired together to enable color vision |
| Feature Detectors | nerve cells located in the visual Cortex of the occipital lobe that respond to a scene's edge, lines, angles, and movements |
| Parallel Processing | thinking about many aspects of a problem simultaneously |
| Audition | the sense of act of hearing |
| Pitch | frequency |
| Amplitude | height |
| Auditory Canal | the channel located in the outer ear that funnels sounds waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane |
| Ear drum (tympanic membrane) | thin layer of tissue that vibrates in response to sound waves |
| Ossicles | has the 3 smallest bones and amplifies and transmits the sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the cochlea |
| Oval Window | membrane-covered opening of the cochlea --> vibrates when it receives the sound waves and causes the fluid inside the cochlea to move |
| Cochlea | coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear --> sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses |
| Basilar membrane | transforming sound waves into electrical impulses, then transmitted to the brain * neural message --> thalamus --> auditory complex (temporal lobe) * |
| Volley Theory | groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with one another --> when combined, greater frequency of sound |
| Sensorineural hearing loss | damage to the cochlea's hair cell receptors or the auditory nerve |
| Conduction Hearing loss | damage to the mechanical system (ear drum and middle ear bones) that conducts sounds waves to the cochlea |
| Cochlear Implant | a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea --> translating sounds into electrical signals that are transmitted to the cochlea |
| Place Theory | presumes that we hear different pitches because different sound waves trigger activity at different spots along the cochlea's basilar membrane |
| Frequency Theory | the brain determines the pitch of a sound based on how fast the auditory nerve fibers fire electrical impulses |
| Sound localization | sound waves strike one ear sooner and more intensely than the other --> sound location |
| Eye Structure shortcut | Can I Please Leave Rapidly? Freaky Body Odor |
| 3 smallest bones | Malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup) --> *MIS HAS* |
Created by:
lilli.spears1