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Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| skeletal system | is the body system composed of bones and cartilage and accounts for about 20% of the body's weight |
| Bones | provide the rigid skeleton that constitutes the internal framework the body needs to stand. |
| articulation: | a joint or juncture between bones or cartilages in the skeleton of a vertebrate |
| joint | an area where two bones come together |
| cartilage | a tough, flexible tissue that covers the end of bones |
| ligament | a connective tissue that binds one bone to another |
| tendon | a connective tissue that binds muscle to bone |
| striated muscle | also known as skeletal muscle; moves all bones and controls facial expressions and eye movement |
| smooth muscle: | visceral muscle; lines the walls of internal organs |
| cardiac muscle | a combination of striated and smooth muscle only found in the heart |
| homeostasis | a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly |
| central nervous system: | the body's primary control and processing center, composed of the brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system: | all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues |
| veins | blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart |
| salivary glands | glands located in the mouth that produce saliva, which lubricates food and partially digests carbohydrates |
| liver | organ that metabolizes large nutrients, produces bile, and detoxifies the body |
| gallbladder | organ that stores bile, which is used to digest fats |
| pancreas | organ that secretes hormones that aid digestion and produces insulin, which is a hormone needed to maintain even blood sugar levels |
| kidneys | bean-shaped organs located in the abdominal cavity on either side of the spine that are responsible for producing urine |
| ureter | a tube attached to the kidneys through which urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder |
| bladder | an organ that stores urine until full |
| urethra | a tube (connected to the bladder) through which urine is expelled from the body |
| immune system | a body system that defends against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances |
| lymphatic system | a network of vessels, nodes, and organs that helps maintain fluid balance and supports immune defense by filtering lymph |
| white blood cells (leukocytes) | infection-fighting blood cells that identify and destroy pathogens |
| pathogens | harmful microorganisms that cause disease |
| antigen | a foreign substance that triggers an immune response |
| inflammatory response | the body’s early protective reaction to injury or infection, causing redness, warmth, swelling, and pain |
| antibodies | proteins made by the immune system that attach to specific antigens |
| lymph | clear fluid that carries and traps infection-fighting cells |
| lymph nodes | small filtering structures that carry and trap infection-fighting cells |
| bone marrow | soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells |
| tonsils: | lymph tissue in the throat that helps trap germs entering through the mouth or nose |
| adenoids | lymph tissue behind the nasal cavity that helps trap inhaled germs |
| spleen | an organ that filters blood and helps fight infection |
| thymus gland | a gland where T cells mature and develop immune function |
| integumentary system | the body system consisting of skin, hair, and nails that protects the body and helps regulate temperature |
| endocrine system | the body system that uses hormones to regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and other functions |
| homeostasis | a state of stability or balance in the body |
| melatonin | the hormone that regulates sleep–wake cycles and responds to light and darkness |
| labia | a set of lips that surround and protect the vagina |
| vagina | a collapsible tube that connects the uterus and cervix to the outside of the body |
| urethra | a tube (connected to the bladder) through which urine is expelled from the body |
| clitoris | a small organ composed of erectile tissue, similar to the penis |
| testicle | the male organ that produces sperm |
| scrotum | the sac that encloses the testes on the outside of the male body |
| prostate | a gland in the male reproductive system that helps make semen, the fluid that contains the sperm |
| vas deferens | a duct in the male reproductive system that carries the sperm up into the pelvic region, leading toward the urethra |
| penis | a male erectile organ by which urine and semen are discharged from the body |
Created by:
Jesuisbanan