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ATI Module
Hygiene (Exam 3)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alcohol-based hand sanitizer | A solution that can often be used in place of soap and water that contains 60% alcohol. |
| complete bed bath | Bathing a client who remains in bed, usually required for those clients who are unable to ambulate to the bathroom and bathe themselves. |
| dermis | The layer under the epidermis that is composed mainly of connective tissue and provides strength and flexibility of the skin. |
| diaper dermatitis | A condition in which the skin becomes inflamed in response to various substances such as urine, feces, fungal and bacterial infections, and allergic reaction to substances in the diaper. |
| enamel | First line of defense, a coating that protects the teeth from plaque and pathogens. |
| gingivitis | An inflammation of the gums caused by plaque that forms on the teeth from poor oral hygiene habits. |
| health care–associated infections (HAIs) | Infections that are acquired in a health care facility (hospital, nursing home, ambulatory care facility). |
| health promotion | The process of enabling people to increase control over and improvement of all aspects of their general health. |
| hemiplegia | Paralysis that affects one side of the body |
| hygiene | Actions the client takes and health practices the client engages in that decrease the spread or transmission of pathogens, thereby decreasing the risk of illness. |
| hypodermis | Also known as the subcutaneous layer, is beneath the dermis and separates the dermis from the underlying organs; acts as a cushion from any physical trauma; insulates as it serves as fat storage. |
| mucous membranes | Act as a physical barrier blocking pathogens from invading the body. |
| noncomedogenic | Solutions that can hinder the clogging of pores. |
| perineal care | Cleaning the perineum, the area located between the tail bone and pubic arch. |
| skin folds | Areas of excessive skin that fold onto themselves creating folds. |
| tooth decay | Permanent damage to the teeth caused by inadequate oral hygiene. |
| The integumentary system consists of the | skin, hair, nails, and sebaceous and sweat glands |
| The body’s physical barriers defensive system that prevents pathogens from entering the body | Mucous membranes, which are found in the mouth, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary tract, line those body passages that are open to the exterior environments. skin, hair, nails, and sebaceous and sweat glands |
| body’s first line of defense against pathogens | The skin is the largest organ |
| The skin plays two roles in protecting against pathogens | First, it serves as a physical barrier that protects the internal parts of the body from the outside world. Second, the skin contains Langerhans cells that can travel throughout the body and activate the body’s immune response |
| The skin consists of three layers: | the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis |
| The epidermis, the outermost layer, is made of | squamous epithelial cells- organized into four or five layers, thereby providing strength to the skin. The epidermis receives its nutrition from the underlying (dermal) layer, because the epidermis is avascular—that is, it lacks blood vessels or blood. |
| The dermis | connective tissue together with nervous tissue, blood, and blood vessels. connective tissue and collagen fibers provide the skin with strength and elasticity. Contains large-ended nerves that sense pressure and alert the body to dangerous stimuli. |
| subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis) | separates the dermis from the underlying organs. The hypodermis contains adipose tissue that protects the body against physical trauma. It also insulates the internal environment of the body by serving as a site of fat storage. |
| Five Layers of Epidermis | Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale |
| The primary roles of the teeth are | chewing food to form a ball that can be easily swallowed, providing support and structure to the face, shaping the face, and assisting in producing sounds during speech |
| The teeth’s first line of defense the hardest material in the human body | enamel |
| Teeth | The enamel and below the enamel are dentin, which protects the pulp inside the teeth. Pulp is composed of blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue that supply nutrients to the teeth. |
| Nails consist of layers of | keratin |
| Nails protect the | distal ends of the fingers and toes from injury |
| Consistent nail maintenance can | eliminate germs that accumulate under the fingernails prevent accidental scratches |
| For clients who have diabetes, it is crucial to practice | diligent foot care |
| A nursing student is learning about the role of the skin in protecting the body from pathogens. Which of the following statements describe how the skin functions as a first line of defense? | - The skin acts as a physical barrier that prevents pathogens from entering the body - The skin contains Langerhans cells that help activate the body's immune response |
| Hygiene practices include | include washing the hands, face, and body with soap and water; dental care; and nail care. |
| hygiene includes keeping the body | clean and well-groomed |
| Hygiene practices that keep the body clean involve | handwashing, maintaining oral health by brushing the teeth, and removing pathogens through routine bathing |
| Skin integrity can become compromised when a client’s skin becomes | irritated and inflamed, or when the skin barrier is open from a cut or tear |
| A major cause of skin breakdown is | urine and fecal incontinence, which renders the skin increasingly vulnerable to bacterial and fungal infection |
| hips, genitals, buttocks, and perineum is most likely to be affected by urine and fecal incontiences. It is recommended to clean the area with a | pH-balanced cleanser to decrease skin irritation and dryness, thereby decreasing the risk of impaired skin integrity. |
| health care–associated infections (HAIs) | HAIs develop while a client is in the hospital or other health care facility, and were not present upon the client’s admission to the facilit |
| Hand Hygiene | 1,) Wet dirty hands with water 2.) Apply soap to the hands 3.) Rub hand together for 20 sec 4.) Rinse soap off hands with water 5.) Dry hands with disposable towel 6.) Turn off running water |
| A client’s hygiene practices are influenced by various factors, including | culture, religion, developmental stage, cognitive functioning, and personal preferences. In turn, nurses need to evaluate clients’ practices to provide client-specific assistance. |
| To maintain the client’s privacy and dignity, the nurse should | ensure the client is dressed appropriately and expose only the body part necessary when providing personal care. |
| In the health care context, religious practices to be considered include | client privacy and modesty, beliefs regarding gender of the nurse caring for the client, and reluctance to remove clothing and expose one’s body during personal care |
| As the newborn client seldom becomes | bathing three times a week should be sufficient during the first year |
| Nursing care of the residual cord includes | observing for infection, which is manifested by a foul-smelling, yellowish discharge, reddened skin at the cord stump site, and crying when the cord or surrounding skin is touched. |
| Umbilical cord care consists of | keeping the cord stump clean and dry until it shrinks and falls off |
| Diaper dermatitis can occur in clients of | any age who wear a diaper, although it is most likely to occur in infants aged 9 to 12 months |
| The most notable risk factor for diaper dermatitis is the | increased moisture from wearing a diaper, which results in the skin becoming inflamed and soft, increasing the risk of pathogen exposure. |
| Treatment for diaper dermatitis consists of | changing the diaper frequently to decrease the skin’s exposure to urine and feces, which irritate the skin; washing and cleaning the skin with water and a soap-free cleanser; and using topical emollients to provide a barrier between the skin and diaper. |
| The nurse is caring for a 6-month-old infant who has diaper dermatitis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take | - Apply topical emollients after cleaning the area - Cleanse the skin with a soap free cleanser |
| When assisting the client in performing ADLs, the nurse evaluates the | client’s ability to perform ADLs while taking into consideration the health care setting and the individual client’s needs |
| Helping clients with fundamental self-care tasks such as bathing fosters | a bond between the caregiver and the individual receiving care |
| The core elements of personal cleanliness for adults encompass | dental care, bathing, toileting, shaving, and hair maintenance. |
| A nurse is bathing a client with a basin, soap, water, and towels. Which of the following is a risk associated with using a basin to bathe the client? | Contamination with pathogens |
| A client tells the nurse that they rarely floss their teeth because they do not think it is necessary. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? | “Flossing removes bacteria between the teeth.” |
| Washing skin regularly keeps skin healthy by removing | oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria that can cause skin breakdown. |
| Handwashing is an efficient method of | preventing infection, as it decreases the transmission of germs from the nurse to the client and colonization of germs on the nurse transferred from the client. |
| Handwashing can be performed with | soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizer, depending on the clinical situation. |
| Health promotion brings | awareness of health problems, produces positive behavior changes related to prevention and beliefs around illness, and encourages increased utilization of health services. |
| Hygiene plays an essential role in keeping every client | healthy |
| As clients age, they may resist showering or bathing due to | illness, pain with mobility, fear of water, fear of falling, fear of temperature of water, and difficulty getting in and out of the shower or bath. |
| A client who has suffered a stroke may have difficulty performing personal hygiene because of | motor function loss. |
| Clients who have bariatric care needs may have | deep skin folds in the abdominal region, groin, gluteus maximus, under the breast, and behind the knees, elbows, ankles, and neck, impeding their ability to perform hygiene care |
| Clients who have dementia may refuse to | bathe, which can lead to skin breakdown and body odor. |
| Bathing of skin washes | dirt, sweat, and bacteria from the body and enhances circulation and client comfort. |
| Bath basins have been shown to be | contaminated with pathogens and could aid in the transfer of hospital pathogens. |
| Clients who are at a higher risk for infection should have their feet | more closely monitored, as infections can cause serious foot problems. |
| Longer nails have been shown to | conceal a greater number of pathogens as compared to shorter nails. |
| Inadequate oral hygiene can cause tooth | decay (dental caries, also called cavities) and periodontal (gum) disease, both of which have been associated with heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. |
| identify the client who has diabetes mellitus requires extra attention due to their feet due to the risk of infection. Therefore, the nurse should reinforce instruction for the client to | - soak their feet in warm soapy water for 10 min. - clean the debris from each toenail with an orange stick - filing sharp edges with a nail file. |
| identify the infant has diaper dermatitis. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the parent to | - cleanse the infant's buttocks with water and a soap-free cleanser - ensuring that feces and urine are completely removed - apply a topical barrier cream to infant's skin. - infant's diaper should be changed more often |
| Health promotion programs emphasize | encouraging the client to take control of improving their overall health. |
| the cuticle of the nail connects the skin on the finger and nail plate, forming a | barrier to prevent infections. |
| Flossing the teeth removes bacteria from spaces between the teeth and beneath the gum line and should be performed | daily |
| A battery-operated toothbrush is more | effective in decreasing plaque and mild gum disease than a standard toothbrush. |
| The tongue should be cleaned during | oral hygiene to remove bacteria that can be found on the tongue. |
| Cilia in the nose trap particles as a person | inhales, preventing particles from invading the body |
| A nurse is reviewing oral hygiene practices with assistive personnel. Which of the following should the nurse include? | -A fluoride mouthwash should be used to promote oral health This will assist in decreasing and controlling plaque. -Teeth brushed twice daily for 2 min -Poor oral hygiene can lead to gingivitis. - soft-bristled toothbrush for brushing the teeth |
| Poor oral hygiene can lead to | gingivitis, an inflammation of the gums caused by plaque forming on the teeth. |
| identify the client who is on bedrest requires a bed change while the client is still in bed. Therefore, the nurse should assist the client to | turn on their side roll the soiled bottom sheet to the center of the mattress cover the client with a bath blanket for privacy. |
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