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class 5 exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Charles De Montesquieu Wrote: | The Spirit of the Laws - greatest work |
| Charles De Montesquieu Primary argument was that | political power should not be in tho hands of a singular person or institution |
| Montesquieu believed Political power should be shared by a : | multitude of political institutions |
| Montesquieu Identified 3 different types of political power: | Judicial power, legislative power, and executive power All 3 are supposed to be checks on one another |
| Montesquieu’s work was considered to be: | extremely dangerous and revolutionary heavily suppressed |
| Montesquieu's work leads to the growing _________that the masses of France in the growth of hostility towards the: | hostility; king's absolutist government |
| Montesquie's work is heavily influential on the ______________and ______________. | founding fathers and the framers of the united states constitution |
| The cornerstone of Montequieu's work: | is on the separation of powers |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote: | The Social Contract - greatest work |
| Rousseau Argued that a government should be organized along the lines of a... | contract. He believes it should be a social instead of a political contract |
| Montesquieu Argues government should be on a__________--contract | political |
| Rousseau believed people should give up: | their will |
| Rousseau believed people should: | sacrificed a certain degree of self interest for the good of the whole |
| Rousseau Combined each individual has their _____________, but collectively there is a: | own will;general will of all people’s will combined |
| Argued that it is the general will of the people that is ____________. Which means that: | final;the king is sovereign |
| Rousseau is calling for an idea called: | popular sovereignty. |
| John Lockes Most famous work: | Two Treatises on Government |
| John Locke argued that at the beginning of human history, humanity lived in a __________________ in which there was absolute freedom and equality and the only laws were nature’s laws. | theoretical state of nature; nature’s laws |
| Rousseau is the only one who is actually talking about: | giving a political voice to the people. Not just the wealthy. This makes him radical for his time |
| Rousseau's perfect form of government would be similar to __________________. | Ancient Athens |
| Rousseau makes the arguments that citizens should be: | active in politics. Participate in politics of their nation state |
| Moving spirit of the enlightenment period | Voltaire |
| Three worries of Voltaire | Freedom of expression, civil liberties, religious toleration |
| Voltaire. Opposed to laws, social pressures, anything that prevented people from thinking or speaking________________. | freely |
| Voltaire might disagree with what people say, but | he will fight for people to be able to say |
| Voltaire Opposed to government who | arrest, torture, conduct surveillance on people without laws |
| Voltaire Opposed to _________________government. Why? | authoritarian Argues that france is better than that |
| Who did Voltaire attack and why? | Attacks the roman catholic church Especially for their wealth |
| What was Voltaire's book? | Candid - attacks the church’s wealth, land, privileges, ect. |
| Two groups that are influenced by the philosophy: | Aristocrats/nobility of western Europe Bourgeoisie |
| For the aristocrats New intellectualism was being part of being part of the: | “beautiful people” |
| Describe the Bourgeoisie during this time: | More educated, wealthy, self confident than ever before Many found it difficult to move up the social ladder to nobility because the first two estates will do everything in their power to stop it |
| Because of the french revolution, | societies will change forever, the political states of europe, and event the map of western europe will change forever |
| ___________were heavily criticized during the age of hte enlightenment and the writing of philosophy. | First estate: clergy |
| A lot of philosophes said that the first estate/clergy should not be exempt of _______. They also felt the church was teaching: | taxation; religious intolerance |
| Due to the efforts of King Louis XIV the nobles are divided into 2 categories: | the nobles of the sword and the nobles of the robe |
| The nobles of the robe ___________prestige. The nobles of the sword ____________prestige. | purchase; earned titles through family sacrifice |
| King Louis XIV has the nobles of the _________ in the most important positions | robe |
| Nobles of the ___________ argue that the nobles of the __________ are a nuisance | sword;robe |
| Hates the first two estates and view them as arrogant: | Peasantry class/bourgeoisie |
| Has the heaviest of tax burdens | Peasantry class/bourgeoisie |
| 83% of third estate are | poor peasants |
| Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau, argue that: | the status quo is in a standing moral Outrage |
| The enlightenment Reorganized along the lines of a political contract: | American Revolution |
| The American Revolution was proof that | you could rid yourself of a tyrant, create a society/government |
| Central figure of the American Revolution | Marquis de Lafayette |
| France is experiencing mass public _________ and _________. | debt; inflation |
| France was under Constant state of ____________under Louis XIV. | warfare |
| France is on the verge of: | Bankrupty |
| France experiences a multitude of poor: | grain harvests |
| Many are spending a lot of money on: | just bread itself |
| IN 1788 on average the average french family spent 50% of their income on bread A year later that number jumps from 50%>_______%. | 80% |
| ________________ was rampant. | Unemployment |
| Mass exodus from ________________ to ______________ in france | countryside;major cities |
Created by:
kmarino23