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History Unit 2
Book 1: German era of problems 1918-1923
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who became German kaiser in 1888, and stayed up until 1918? | Wilhelm II |
| What did Wilhelm II believe in, that helped base his authoritarian rule? | Divine right of kings |
| What was the name of the policy that Kaiser developed in 1897 that is said to have contributed to the outbreak of war? | Weltpolitik (world policy) |
| How was the alliance system also blamed for the outbreak of war? | The alliance system that dragged different countries into the conflict via their alliances. |
| Due to the war, how many German civilians died due to lack of food? | 2,000,000 German civilians |
| Which military plan failed on the Western front for the Germans that changed their war plan? | Schlieffen plan |
| What was the thought behind the Schlieffen plan? | Go through Belgium to attack France from the rear, idea was that Belgium wouldn't fight back against Germany |
| 'As the war progressed , the kaiser became little more than a f______' | Figurehead |
| Who took over the power vacuum left in Germany as the kaiser became more and more weak, more commonly known as the 'silent dictatorship'? | War heroes Hindenburg and Ludendorff |
| Why was keeping 1.5 million troops on the Eastern front to guard there knew land a costly move? | Them same troops were desperately needed on the western front as that theatre was becoming weak for the Germans |
| What was the harsh treaty that Russia signed in 1917 that gave Germany lots of land in the East? | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
| Why was the British blockade of Germany significant to them losing the war? | It put lots of stress on the German people and German civilians were now becoming malnourished, this also affected the Front-line and meant that soldiers were becoming to weak to fight |
| Why was America joining the war in 1917 significant to Germany losing the war? | America brought millions more men and thousands of tons of supplies to the allies that Germany simply couldn't keep up with |
| why was the Collapse of Bulgaria and the weakness of Austria a significant reason to Germany losing the war? | It allowed the Eastern front to be left poorly defended and they were unable to help Germany with more supplies, they might of just put more stress on German supplies. |
| By September 1918 even the German high command were making plans for an armistice. What did Woodrow Wilson the American President promise the peace terms would be based on? | 14 points (e.g. self determination - gave Germans the impression of peace). |
| Why were the German people shocked by their defeat? | German propaganda gave German people a false sense of hope that victory was soon. |
| When did the Kaiser abdicate? | 9th Nov 1918 |
| Who took control of Germany after the Kaiser abdicated? | Socialist party leader Friedrich Ebert took control over Germany. |
| What did Ebert's deputy, Phillip Scheidermann shout out of a window from the Reichstag building? | Germany was a republic |
| After the Kaiser abdicated, where did he go? | fled to the Netherlands |
| When was the 'revolution from above' ? | Oct 1918 |
| What was the aim of the 'revolution from above' ? | Generals Hindenburg and Ludendorff wanted to reduce power from the Kaiser in order to win over the British and Americans. |
| What are the arguments that the 'revolution from above' was truly a revolution? | Gave more power to the Reichstag over the Kaiser,First time Chancellor accountable to the Reichstag, this was the first time in German history that the Chancellor was accountable to the people. |
| What are the arguments that the 'revolution from above' was not truly a revolution? | WW1 was a catalyst for this revolution, it was more evolution not revolution. Lacked revolutionary characteristics. New chancellor is still part of the elite. |
| When was the 'revolution from below' ? | 3rd November 1918 |
| What was the aim of the 'revolution from below' ? | When German sailors began to mutinate against their admirals after being ordered into a suicide mission against the British. These soldiers began to mutiny and ordered the abdication of the Kaiser and the end to the war. |
| What are the arguments that the 'revolution from below' was truly a revolution? | It led to a complete change in democracy for Germany, from Monarchy system to the republic system. Also this was a revolution started by the people, not by a noble elite. Also changed to social democracy rather than conservative. |
| What are the arguments that the 'revolution from below' was not truly a revolution? | Ebert was a moderate socialist that wasn't radical in changing everything in a country. Also, a lot of the noble elite like judges and MP's kept their position within the social system, not much changed with them. |
| When did Ebert's government sign an armistice to end WW1? | 11th Nov 1918 |
| Were the KPD left or right wing? | Extreme Left wing |
| Who are the KPD? | communists |
| Were the SPD left or right wing? | left wing |
| 'The new government from the 'revolution from above' was led by Prince M__ V__ B____' | Max Von Baden |
| Were the DNVP right or left wing? | right wing |
| What key beliefs did Rosa Luxembourg and Karl Liebknecht? | . Both were anti-war . Both had strong political background . Both were moderate socialists . Both resented elite and wanted rights for workers |
| When was the Spartacist uprising? | 5th Jan 1919 |
| Why did the Spartacist uprising happen? | Karl and Rosa wanted to overthrow Ebert's government and to have a revolutionary communist regime instead |
| Why did the Spartacist uprising fail? | It was poorly planned, they didn't have enough support so was easily crushed |
| Who put down the Spartacist uprising? | Freikorps and military units |
| What happened to both Rosa and Karl? | Both were captured and shot by the Kreikorps |
| What event sparked the spartacist uprising? | 1919. Friedrich Ebert ordered the removal of Emil Eichhorn as Head of Police Department, This caused a wave of anger as they felt it was unjust. |
| With the new Weimar constitution, What differences were their to the head of state? | . It was now a president - They had to be 35 years old or older . Elected every 7 years |
| With the new Weimar constitution, What differences were their to the Reichstag? | . Men and women over 20 could now vote . chancellor has more responsibility over the Reichstag . Could now vote to remove chancellor |
| With the new Weimar constitution, What differences were their to the civil liberties? | . Outlines free - speech . Free citizenship . Better working conditions . right to have an education |
Created by:
william0709