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Micromolecules - Bio
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Examples of Lipids | Fats, Oils, Waxes |
| What elements do lipids contain | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) *NO ratio of H: O |
| What are some functions of Lipids? | Stores energy, Twice the energy of carbohydrates, and it insulates the body (think whale blubber). |
| Structure of Lipids | not a chain (polymer) = just a "big fat molecule |
| 3 fatty acid + Glycerol | Lipid Structure |
| Water to the left of the arrow (arrow = yield) | Hydrolysis |
| Water to the right of the arrow (arrow = yield) | Dehydration Synthesis |
| Cell membranes are made out of... | Lipids |
| Phospolipids | Heads are on the outside touching water, tails are on inside away from water ("scared" of water), forms a barrier between the cell & the outside. |
| Building Blocks of Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides (glucose), Simple Sugars |
| Building Blocks of Lipids | 1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids |
| Building Blocks of Proteins | Amino Acids |
| Lipids | Concentrated energy molecules |
| Carbohydrates | Energy molecules |
| What are some functions of Carbohydrates? | Quick energy, energy storage, structure (cell walls in plants) |
| Examples of Carbohydrates | Sugars, Starches, Cellulose (cell wall) |
| What do Carbohydrates contain? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO) Ratio of H: O is 2:1 (hydrogen is always double the amount of oxygen) |
| Names of SUGARS end in... | -ose (Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose) |
| Carbohydrates are mainly _______ & ________ | Starches & Sugar |
| Carbohydrates provide what kind of energy? | Quick Energy |
| 1 sugar in a carbohydrate equals... | Monosaccharide |
| 2 sugars in a carbohydrate equal... | Disaccharide |
| Polysaccharides | Large carbohydrates |
| Starch | Energy storage in plants (Ex. Potatoes) |
| Glycogen | Energy storage in animals (in liver & muscles) |
| Cellulose | Structure in plants (cell walls) |
| Chitin | Structure in arthropods & fungi (Ex. Exoskeleton) |
| Glucose + Glucose + Glucose = | Polysaccharide |
| Making a polymer by removing H2O | Dehydration Synthesis (Ex. Glucose + Glucose -> Maltose + H20) (Ex. Monosaccharide + Monosaccharide -> Disaccharide + H20) *Water is on the right side of the yield sign* |
| Memorize the next slide about Cellulose till you can say it without reading it | Herbivores can digest cellulose well, Most carnivores cannot digest cellulose that's why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients, Cellulose = roughage |
| Proteins | Multipurpose molecules |
| What are some functions of Proteins? | signals from one body system to another, builds and repairs muscle, protects you against germs, speeds up chemical reactions |
| What does movement do in Proteins? | Build & Repair Muscle |
| What does the immune system do? | Protect you against germs |
| What do enzymes do? | Speed up chemical reactions |
| Examples of Proteins | Muscle, Skin, Hair, Fingernails, Claws |
| What do proteins contain? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON) |
| The building blocks of proteins are called | Amino Acids |
| 2 Amino acids = | dipeptide |
| What is a Peptide Bond? | When a molecule of water is removed from two glycine amino acids to form a peptide bond. |
| Many amino acids = | Polypeptide |
| Water-FEARING amino acids are... | Hydrophobic (tries to get away from water in the cell) |
| Water-LOVING amino acids | Hydrophilic (tries to stay in water in the cell) |
| For proteins the ______ matters! | Shape |
| For proteins, Different shapes equal... | Different jobs |
| Proteins do their jobs because of their | Shape |
| An unfolding protein is | denatured |
| MEMORIZE: | In Biology, it's the SHAPE that matters!!! |
| What three elements make up sugar molecules like glucose | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO) |
| Name the two other elements besides carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, that are used to build amino acids | Nitrogen and Sulfur |
| What element is used in making DNA and ATP | Phosphorus |
| What are amino acids used to build in living things | Proteins |
| What are the 4 most common elements? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (CHON) |
| Elements bond to form | Compounds |
| Organic compounds must contain which two elements? | Carbon & Hydrogen |
| ______ is the most abundant inorganic compound in the human body | Water |
| Mono is | One |
| Poly is | Many |
| Macro is | Large |
| Enzymes | "helper" Protein molecules |
| The process of BUILDING molecules | Synthesis |
| The process of BREAKING DOWN molecules | Digestion |
| All chemical reactions in living organisms require ________ to work. | Enzymes |
| Enzymes are always on ____ of the yield sign | Top |
| MEMORIZE: Lock & Key Method | The shape of the protein allows the enzyme & substrate to fit a specific enzyme for each specific reaction (Ex. My house key would not work at your house) |
Created by:
alessandrom110*