when enzymes BUILD complex molecules from simpler ones

when enzymes BREAK down complex molecules into simpler ones

energy leaves the system AB -> A + B + energy

energy is absorbed in the system A + B + energy -> AB

totality of an organism's chemical reactions

use of exergonic process to drive an endergonic one ATP breaks of phosphate tail to use for energy, and becomes ADP, which is used to make ATP

adenosine triphosphate/ primary molecule to use and store energy, powers cellular work

phosphorylated Intermediate

phosphate broken off from ATP bonds to another molecule or protein immediately

usually proteins, reduces the amount of activation energy needed to break down substrates into products

energy required to break the bonds found in molecules

can be used over and over, doesn't get absorbed in the system, and reduces reaction times

reactant an enzyme acts on ex: bromelain in pineapple breaks down the gelatin substrate

non-protein helpers for catalytic activity, an inorganic molecule that is required for enzymes to function

organic cofactor, like vitamins, that move between enzymes every coenzyme is a cofactor, not every cofactor is a coenzyme

competitive inhibition

interferes with an active site so substrate cannot bind -have more substrate to get past block

non-competitive inhibition

changes the shape of enzyme so the active site no longer fits substrates, like punching a block of clay -to get around block, substrate bonds in a different spot

metabolic pathway is blocked by inhibitory bindings of its end product to an enzyme- homeostasis! helps maintain energy so cells don't waste it

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BIO enzymes/protein

Term	Definition
anabolic reaction	when enzymes BUILD complex molecules from simpler ones
catabolic reaction	when enzymes BREAK down complex molecules into simpler ones
exergonic reactions	energy leaves the system AB -> A + B + energy
endergonic reactions	energy is absorbed in the system A + B + energy -> AB
metabolism	totality of an organism's chemical reactions
energy coupling	use of exergonic process to drive an endergonic one ATP breaks of phosphate tail to use for energy, and becomes ADP, which is used to make ATP
ATP	adenosine triphosphate/ primary molecule to use and store energy, powers cellular work
phosphorylated Intermediate	phosphate broken off from ATP bonds to another molecule or protein immediately
enzyme	usually proteins, reduces the amount of activation energy needed to break down substrates into products
activation energy	energy required to break the bonds found in molecules
catalyst	can be used over and over, doesn't get absorbed in the system, and reduces reaction times
substrate	reactant an enzyme acts on ex: bromelain in pineapple breaks down the gelatin substrate
cofactor	non-protein helpers for catalytic activity, an inorganic molecule that is required for enzymes to function
coenzyme	organic cofactor, like vitamins, that move between enzymes every coenzyme is a cofactor, not every cofactor is a coenzyme
competitive inhibition	interferes with an active site so substrate cannot bind -have more substrate to get past block
non-competitive inhibition	changes the shape of enzyme so the active site no longer fits substrates, like punching a block of clay -to get around block, substrate bonds in a different spot
feedback inhibition	metabolic pathway is blocked by inhibitory bindings of its end product to an enzyme- homeostasis! helps maintain energy so cells don't waste it

Created by: yaya.33

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