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Week 8 history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industrial Revolution | Americans adopted steam powered boats, railroads, and mills. Steam engine- "most important economic development" ever |
| The National (Cumberland) Road begins | First federally financed interstate reaching from Maryland to Illinois |
| New York completes the Erie Canal | Links Great Lakes to Hudson and Atlantic |
| Midwestern crops reached Eastern cities | |
| Steamboats and Rails move a nation | 200+ steamships playing American's reviers, the Baltimore and Ohio launches first long-distance rail line, 30,000 miles of railroad crisscross U.S. |
| The Telegraph | Samual Morse's line from Baltimore to Washington untethers news from the speed of travel. |
| The penny press | Cheaper printing democratized news; weekly papers grew |
| The U.S. Mail | Post offices multiplied, Wells Fargo linked St. Louis to San Fransisco |
| New Voices | The first Black paper (Freedom's journal) and Native paper (Cherokee Pheonix) appear. |
| The Panic of 1819 | Money replaced barter. Bank failures from reckless lending + falling cotton demand caused the Panic of 1819. Bankruptcies, foreclosures & unemployment spread; Westerners lost faith in banks/government. North: protective tariffs | South: free trade |
| A New Class Structure | Rising middle class (farmers had profit, middle class prospered from commerce), propertyless lower class (poverty), the "mill girls" (young women worked New England textile looms for tempting wage, Piecework (splitting production into steps) |
| Slavery drives the national economy | Planters enslaved more people since Northern mills demanded more Southern cotton. The North disowned slavery but its cotton mills and shipping profited directly from it. Cotton was most important of national economy, pushing slavery to west Mississippi |
| The nation moves west | Many believed it their God-given destiny (Manifest destiny) to spread across continent. More than half of all Americans lived West of Appalachians. Fertile Midwestern farmland drew settlers off New England's rocky hills and Virginia's exhausted soils. |
| Sectionalism & Missouri Compromise | Maine entered free and Missouri slave, preserving the Senate balance; slavery was barred north of Missouri's southern line. Southern planters feared free-state majority might abolish slavery. |
| Coverture | Marriage rendered a woman legally "dead"- she could not own property, keep her wages, sue, or be sued. All money belonged to her husband. |
| Separate Spheres | Ideology split life in two: the public world of work and politics for men, the domestic world for women- lines the poor could not afford to keep. |
| A new romance | The complex new economy let couples seek character, compatibility, and attraction over land and lineage. |
| Leisure, Labor, and the Land | Theater boomed, Taverns and "blood sports" like drinking, boxing, animal fights, farming mechanized (horse drawn reaper and John Deere's steel plow) |
| The African American Experience | Black Americans lived in the North, where some could vote, own property, and school their children. Built churches, businesses, mutual-aid societies, founded Freedom's journal. North was never slave-free tho, mob violence struck Black neighborhoods- |
Created by:
Brookelol