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Animal Science U3

QuestionAnswer
Genetics The study of heredity and inherited characteristics
Heredity definition The process of passing genetics from parents to offspring
Gene definition A section of DNA that controls a specific trait.
Allele definition A different form of a gene
Gamete definition A sex cell (sperm or egg) that carries genetic information
Black (coat color) would be a: Allele
Coat color would be a: Gene
Mitosis definition Process of cell division
Meiosis definition Reduction division of diploid to haploid cells
Gametogenesis definition The formation of sex cells (gametes)
Law of segregation Allele pairs separate during the formation of gametes, ensuring that each sperm or egg cell receives only one allele for each trait
Law of dominance A dominant allele masks the effect of a recessive allele
Dominance definition An allele having power over another at the same locus
Recessive definition Allele masked by another at the same locus
What are the three forms of dominance Complete, incomplete, and co-dominance
Complete dominance When a dominant allele completely mask the effects of a resessive allele in a heterozygous individual
Incomplete dominance Both allels of a gene at a locus are patially expressed
Example of incomplete dominance Blue, red roan
Co-dominance Two allels are expressed together
Epistasis One gene masks or alters the expression of a completely separate gene at a different locus.
Heritability definition Quality of a characteristic from parent to offspring
How is hereitability measured 0-1 (decimal)
Highly heritable range 0.4-0.6
Moderately heritable range 0.2-0.4
Lowly heritable range 0.0-0.2
EPD stands for Expected progeny difference
What is EPD Predicts proformance for future offspring
Producers use EPDs to: Choose sires/dams, balance traits, improve herd efficiency
What is animal breeding Sciencetific principles that apply genetics and reproduction
What is the goal of animal breeding Improve effeciency and productivity
Animal selection definition Choosing which animals become the parents of the next generation
Animal selection is based on what 3 things Performance traits, genetic tools, health and soundness
Animal mating Paring selected male and females
3 breeding methods Natural service, artifical insemination, embryro transfer
Types of mating systems Inbreeding, linebreeding, outcrossing, crossbreeding
Inbreeding Breeding to siblings or parents
Risk of inbreeding Loss of performance, and uniformity
Linebreeding Breeding to ancestor
Outcrossing Breeding to unrelated animals within a breed
Crossbreeding Breeding with different breed
Hybrid vigor (heterosis) definition Superior crossbred offspring vs purebred parents
Benefits of hybrid vigor (heterosis) Increased fertility, survival, growth, and longevity
Estrus synchronization defintion Alteration of the etrous cycle, able to breed multiple females at once
Benefits of estrus synchronization Shorter calving/farrowing season, uniform offspring, enables timed breeding
Estrus synchronization methods Prostaglandins, progestins (CIDR), GnRH, combination protocols
Length of pregnancy: cow 283 days
Length of pregnancy: ewe 148 days
Length of pregnancy: doe (goat) 150 days
Length of pregnancy: mare 340 days
Length of pregnancy: sow 114 days
Length of pregnancy: bitch 63 days
Length of pregnancy: queen 63 days
Parturition definition Act of giving birth
Term for parturition: cattle Calving
Term for parturition: sheep Lambing
Term for parturition: goats Kidding
Term for parturition: horses Foaling
Term for parturition: swine Farrowing
Term for parturition: dogs Whelping
Term for parturition: cats Queening
Gestation definition Length of pregnancy
Postpartum period defintion Time after parturition until female resumes estrous cycles
Colostrum First milk after birth
Why is colostum important Rich in antibodies, provides energy and nutrients
When must colostrum be consumed Within the first 12-24 hrs
Created by: Ljackson45
 

 



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