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9 - World History
Nationalism and Unification
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Congress of Vienna | Meeting of diplomats to make decisions about Europe; After the defeat of Napoleon |
| Von Metternich | host of the Congress of Vienna; wanted things to return to pre-Napoleon |
| Consequences of Congress of Vienna | Return to Legitimacy; Land given to those that fought against Napoleon; No war for a century; Loss of Enlightenment Ideas |
| Nationalism | Loyalty and devotion to the state with an emphasis on a common history, language, and culture |
| Reasons for growth of Nationalism | Industrialization and Napoleon’s conquest of Europe |
| Consequences of Nationalism | Caused smaller countries with similarities to combine; Led to violence and war (WWI) |
| Reasons for Austrian Empire’s decline | a combination of rising ethnic nationalism, economic lagging, and major military defeats |
| Hungarian Compromise of 1867 | transformed the centralized Austrian Empire into the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, giving the Kingdom of Hungary full internal autonomy |
| German Nationalism | German speaking people began to view themselves as one nationality; Believed that unification would make them stronger; Military; Economy |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prime Minister of Prussia; Leader of the German Unification movement; Used Nationalism to convince citizens of different German states |
| Realpolitik | All means to achieve and hold power are justified |
| “Blood and Iron” | The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions of majorities… but by ________ |
| Franco-Prussian War | War fought between French and Prussian forces; Prussian victory; Led to the unification of Germany |
| Consequences of German Unification | Wilhelm I becomes the Kaiser of unified Germany; German economy improves; German military becomes stronger |
| Italian Nationalism | No cooperation due to political rivalries; Commoners wanted Italy to return to former glory; Believed unification could be the answer; Improve the economy; Improve military strength |
| Camillo Cavour | Prime Minister of Sardinia; Responsible for uniting the Northern Italian States; Believed that unification could make Italy stronger; Fought several small wars to force unification |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Leader of the Red Shirts; Army that wanted Italian Unification; Nationalist views; Unified the southern Italian states by force; Weapons were supplied by Cavour; Eventually united with the Sardinian Army to unite all of Italy |
| Consequences of Italian Unification | Victor Emmanuel becomes the King of unified Italy; Former King of Sardinia; Political instability; Many citizens have few political rights; Anarchist groups; Many Italians leave for the USA |
| Antisemitism | hostility toward Jews or discrimination against them as a group |
| Pogroms | violent mobs that attacked Jews |
| Dreyfus Affair | The French government accused a Jewish military officer of selling military secrets to the Germans. He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to prison |
| Zionism | The movement in the 1800’s to create a homeland for the Jews, preferably their traditional homeland in Palestine. This movement was led by an Austrian Jew, named Theodore Herzl, and supported by the British government |