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9 - World History

Nationalism and Unification

TermDefinition
Congress of Vienna Meeting of diplomats to make decisions about Europe; After the defeat of Napoleon
Von Metternich host of the Congress of Vienna; wanted things to return to pre-Napoleon
Consequences of Congress of Vienna Return to Legitimacy; Land given to those that fought against Napoleon; No war for a century; Loss of Enlightenment Ideas
Nationalism Loyalty and devotion to the state with an emphasis on a common history, language, and culture
Reasons for growth of Nationalism Industrialization and Napoleon’s conquest of Europe
Consequences of Nationalism Caused smaller countries with similarities to combine; Led to violence and war (WWI)
Reasons for Austrian Empire’s decline a combination of rising ethnic nationalism, economic lagging, and major military defeats
Hungarian Compromise of 1867 transformed the centralized Austrian Empire into the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary, giving the Kingdom of Hungary full internal autonomy
German Nationalism German speaking people began to view themselves as one nationality; Believed that unification would make them stronger; Military; Economy
Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister of Prussia; Leader of the German Unification movement; Used Nationalism to convince citizens of different German states
Realpolitik All means to achieve and hold power are justified
“Blood and Iron” The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and resolutions of majorities… but by ________
Franco-Prussian War War fought between French and Prussian forces; Prussian victory; Led to the unification of Germany
Consequences of German Unification Wilhelm I becomes the Kaiser of unified Germany; German economy improves; German military becomes stronger
Italian Nationalism No cooperation due to political rivalries; Commoners wanted Italy to return to former glory; Believed unification could be the answer; Improve the economy; Improve military strength
Camillo Cavour Prime Minister of Sardinia; Responsible for uniting the Northern Italian States; Believed that unification could make Italy stronger; Fought several small wars to force unification
Giuseppe Garibaldi Leader of the Red Shirts; Army that wanted Italian Unification; Nationalist views; Unified the southern Italian states by force; Weapons were supplied by Cavour; Eventually united with the Sardinian Army to unite all of Italy
Consequences of Italian Unification Victor Emmanuel becomes the King of unified Italy; Former King of Sardinia; Political instability; Many citizens have few political rights; Anarchist groups; Many Italians leave for the USA
Antisemitism hostility toward Jews or discrimination against them as a group
Pogroms violent mobs that attacked Jews
Dreyfus Affair The French government accused a Jewish military officer of selling military secrets to the Germans. He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to prison
Zionism The movement in the 1800’s to create a homeland for the Jews, preferably their traditional homeland in Palestine. This movement was led by an Austrian Jew, named Theodore Herzl, and supported by the British government
Created by: SummitHS
 

 



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