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tissue
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tissue | A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. |
| Four main types of tissues | Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. |
| Epithelial tissue | Tissue that covers and lines body surfaces. |
| Connective tissue | Tissue that holds structures together and provides support and organization. |
| Muscle tissue | Tissue responsible for movement. |
| Nervous tissue | Tissue that facilitates communication, coordination, and control. |
| Epithelial tissue characteristic | Cells are tightly packed together, forming an avascular sheet. |
| Avascular | Without blood vessels. |
| Four functions of epithelial tissue (P-R-S-S) | Protection, regulation, secretion, and sensation. |
| Protection | A function of epithelial tissue that shields underlying tissues from damage. |
| Regulation | A function of epithelial tissue involving control of substances and processes. |
| Secretion | A function of epithelial tissue involving production and release of substances. |
| Sensation | A function of epithelial tissue involving detection of stimuli. |
| Squamous cells | Flat cells. |
| Cuboidal cells | Cube-shaped cells. |
| Columnar cells | Column-like cells. |
| Transitional cells | Cells that can vary in shape. |
| S-C-C-T mnemonic | Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional. |
| Simple epithelium | Epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells. |
| Stratified epithelium | Epithelium consisting of multiple layers of cells. |
| Pseudostratified epithelium | Epithelium that appears multilayered but is actually a single layer. |
| How stratified epithelium is named | It is named according to the type of cell found in the outermost layer. |
| Body membranes | Sheetlike structures found throughout the body that perform specialized functions and can be considered organs. |
| Epithelial membranes | Membranes composed of epithelial tissue and an underlying layer of specialized connective tissue. |
| Serous membranes | Membranes that cover organs within body cavities that do not open to the outside of the body. |
| Serous membrane function | Produces lubrication to reduce friction between organs. |
| Serous membrane key idea | Slippery and reduces friction. |
| Mucous membranes | Membranes that line body cavities that open to the outside of the body. |
| Mucous membrane locations | Gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract. |
| Mucous membrane function | Produces mucus to lubricate and protect the lining of organs. |
| Serous vs. mucous membranes | Serous membranes line cavities that do not open to the outside, while mucous membranes line cavities that do open to the outside. |
| Synovial membrane | A membrane found in the spaces between bone joints. |
| Synovial membrane association | Connective tissue. |
| Synovial membrane production | Produces synovial fluid. |
| Synovial fluid function | Significantly reduces friction when joints move. |
| Synovial membrane key association | Synovial membrane → synovial fluid → less friction. |
| Connective tissue | The most common type of tissue in the body that holds structures together and provides support. |
| Connective tissue locations | Organs, bones, nerves, muscles, membranes, and skin. |
| Connective tissue proper | Connective tissue divided into dense and loose connective tissue. |
| Dense connective tissue | Connective tissue that forms strong, cord-like structures. |
| Dense connective tissue examples | Tendons and ligaments. |
| Dense connective tissue analogy | Similar to strong wire cables. |
| Loose connective tissue | Connective tissue that forms fine, delicate webs of loosely connected tissue. |
| Loose connective tissue examples | Collagen and adipose tissue. |
| Other connective tissue examples | Bone and cartilage. |
| Muscle tissue | Tissue responsible for movement of the body and movement within the body. |
| Contractility | The ability of muscle tissue to shorten. |
| Three types of muscle tissue | Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. |
| Skeletal muscle | Striated muscle attached to bones and responsible for voluntary body movement. |
| Skeletal muscle appearance | Striated or striped. |
| Skeletal muscle control | Voluntary. |
| Skeletal muscle location | Attached to bones and can surround body openings. |
| Skeletal muscle cells | Long, fiber-like cells with many nuclei per cell. |
| Skeletal muscle key association | Skeletal = striated + voluntary + attached to bones. |
| Cardiac muscle | Muscle found in the walls of the heart. |
| Cardiac muscle control | Involuntary. |
| Cardiac muscle cells | Cells that interlock, allowing efficient contraction. |
| Cardiac muscle key association | Cardiac = heart + involuntary. |
| Smooth muscle | Involuntary muscle that forms the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels. |
| Smooth muscle other name | Visceral tissue. |
| Smooth muscle location | Hollow organs and blood vessels. |
| Smooth muscle control | Involuntary. |
| Smooth muscle cells | Shorter, less fibrous cells with a single nucleus. |
| Smooth muscle key association | Smooth = hollow organs + involuntary + one nucleus. |
| Skeletal muscle main role | Body movement. |
| Cardiac muscle main role | Heart contraction. |
| Smooth muscle main role | Movement within organs. |
| Skeletal muscle nuclei | Many nuclei per cell. |
| Smooth muscle nuclei | One nucleus per cell. |
| Nervous tissue | Tissue that functions as the body's rapid communication system. |
| Nervous tissue function | Transmits messages that coordinate and control bodily activities. |
| Nervous tissue functions | Coordinating and controlling body activities, causing muscle contraction, awareness of the environment, controlling emotions, memory, reasoning, and communication. |
| Two main types of nervous tissue cells | Neurons and glia. |
| Neurons | Cells that conduct information. |
| Neuron mnemonic | Neuron = information conductor. |
| Glia (neuroglia) | Cells that provide support and connection for neurons. |
| Glia mnemonic | Glia = support. |
| Diabetes and tissue damage | High blood sugar can lead to tissue damage through impaired energy use, tissue breakdown, poor healing, atherosclerosis, and reduced blood flow. |
| Glucose problem in diabetes | Glucose cannot be effectively moved into body cells for energy. |
| Alternative fuels used in diabetes | Fats and proteins may be used for energy when glucose cannot effectively enter cells. |
| Protein depletion | Loss of body protein caused by using protein as an energy source. |
| Effect of protein depletion | Tissue breakdown and impaired ability to produce new tissue. |
| Impaired wound healing | Reduced ability of damaged tissue to heal and fight infections. |
| Lipid release in diabetes | The body releases lipids from fat tissue to use for energy. |
| Atherosclerosis | The buildup of lipids along the inner walls of blood vessels, causing hardening and narrowing of arteries. |
| Effect of atherosclerosis | Reduced blood flow to tissues. |
| Reduced blood flow | Decreased delivery of blood to tissues caused by narrowed blood vessels. |
| Necrosis | Tissue death. |
| Gangrene | Severe tissue death that can occur when tissue breakdown and poor blood flow become extreme. |
| Severe diabetes-related tissue damage | Tissue breakdown, poor tissue production, impaired wound healing, reduced blood flow, necrosis, and gangrene. |
| Diabetes tissue damage chain | Diabetes/high blood sugar → cells use fats and proteins for energy → protein depletion → tissue breakdown → poor tissue production → poor wound healing → lipid deposits in blood vessels → atherosclerosis → reduced blood flow → tissue death/gangrene. |
Created by:
sb4