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Chapter 3
Founding the New Nation (33 BCE - 1783 CE)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Great Awakening | A religious movement in 1730s - 40s that challenged traditional church authority and stressed a deeply personal, emotional connection to God and helped lay the cultural groundwork for the American Revolution. |
| Predestination | The religious belief that all events, including human actions and eventual salvation or damnation have been decided in advance by God. |
| Elect | To choose someone for a public office or position through voting, or to formally decide on a course of action to take. |
| Conversion | The process or act of changing something or someone from one form, function, state or use into another (usually changing one's religion) |
| Visible Saints | A term used by 16th - 17th Puritans to describe an individual who gave a public declaration of faith (testimony) of a personal conversion experience and lived an outwardly Godly life. |
| Protestant Reformation | A 16th century political and religious movement that divided Western Christianity and created Protestantism. |
| King Philips War | (1675 - 76) an armed conflict between English colonists in New England and a broad alliance of Native American tribes led by the Wampanoag chief, Metacomet whom the English called "King Philip" |
| Calling | A Protestant belief that God requires saved individuals to do righteous works and pursue worldly callings. |
| Heresy | A belief or opinion that strongly goes against established religious teachings, official church dogma or widely accepted mainstream standards. |
| Puritans | 16th - 17th century English Protestants who wanted to "purify" the Church of England by removing remaining Roman Catholic traditions and simplifying worship. |
| Seditious | Describes writing, plans, actions or speech intended to urge people to resist, overthrow or oppose an established gov't or lawful authority. |
| Commonwealth | A political community or nation founded for the common good, where supreme authority is granted in the people |
| Autocratic | Describes a leader, gov't or management style where a single person holds total, absolute power and makes all decisions without input or regard for the opinion of others. |
| Glorious Revolution | (1688 - 89) The overthrow of the Catholic King James II of England by a union of Parliamentarians and the Dutch Protestant invader William of Orange. No one was killed in this revolution but William and Mary agreed to rule jointly with Parliament. |
| Antinomianism | The theological belief that Christians are released from the obligation to obey religious, moral or civil laws because salvation is secured through faith and divine grace alone. |
| Mayflower Compact | The first written framework of self-government in the American colonies, signed by 41 male passengers abroad the Mayflower ship on November 11, 1620. |
| Test Oaths | A sworn statement or declaration regarding a person's past actions, political beliefs, or religious associations, historically required as a qualification for holding public office or employment. |
| Dismissal of Parliament | The official end of a legislative assembly's team which cancels all seats and triggers a new general election. |
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