Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSY 339.02
Exam I - Lecture Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychotic symptoms do not equal psychotic disorders- why? | Psychotic symptoms are not so characteristic of psychotic disorder that they can be used to make a diagnosis- occur outside of and in other types of disorders. |
| What can give rise to psychotic symptoms? | Stress, drug induction, mood disorder, medical issues, schizophrenia spectrum disorder. |
| What are the three D's of "abnormal" behavior | Dysfunction - Deviance - Distress |
| What is a positive psychotic symptom? Examples? | An excess or distortion of normal perceptual or cognitive function - Delusions, hallucinations |
| What is a negative psychotic symptom? Examples? | A diminuition or absence of normal behaviors related to motivation, interest, or expression - Avolition, anhedonia, alogia, diminished emotional expression |
| What are the 3 main criteria of delusions / what are the main characteristics of a belief that make it a delusion? | Certainty (absolute conviction) - Incorrigibility (unchangebale with proof or compelling argument) - Impossibility/Falsity of content |
| Negative Psychotic Symptoms - Names and definitions | Diminished emotional expression + Alogia (poverty of speech) + Avoltion (inability to begin/stay with goal oriented tasks) + Anhedonia (loss of capacity for enjoyment) |
| Disorganized thought - evidenced through speech, but in what ways can it be? Be able to define each one. | Loose associations + Derailment + Word salad + Neologisms + Perseveration + Clang |
| Catatonic behavior - Catalepsy vs. Negativism | "Waxy" flexibiliity, can be positioned by others / Maintains postural rigidity, resists being moved by others |
| Clinical Heterogeneity | Variation withinthe presentation of an ilness/disorder, can happen between patients or within patients |
| Comorbidity | Simultaeneous presentation of two or more disorders in one patients |
| Most patients for schizophrenia also meet criteria for other psychiatric disorders, which ones? | Affective disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders |
| How do comorbidities make Dx more complicated? | Symptoms can feed off of one another, causing variation in symptoms |
| What are the possibilities that account for high rates of comorbidity? | Co-occuring with SD "by chance" Manifesting "secondary" to the core disorder of SD Manifesting because SD is more common in this core disorder Consequence of underlying shared vulnerability to both sets of disorder |
| Most common affective disorders | More than half of SD patietns endorse affective symptoms - Depressive episodes highest, manic and hypomanic hard to determine but prevalent |
| Most common anxiety disorders | Panic disorder, PTSD, social phobia, OCD |
| Schizo-Obsessive Subtype - Key features | Earlier onset, poore prognosis, unique symptoms (compulsions based off delusions), neuro. and genetic links (D2 systems + fronto-striatal circuitry), conflicting treatments |
| Substance Use Disorders - Association with SD as a comorbidity | "Rule rather than the exception" (approx 50% of SD patients meet SUD criteria at some point, males more than females, opioids>cannabis>alcohol) |
| What should the Dx of a mental disorder have? | Clinical utility - Must be able to help determine need for treatment, Tx options and outcomes, prognosis (course and recovery) |
| Diagnosis of a mental disorder is not equivalent to... | Need for treatment |
| What is differential diagnosis? | Process of determining which two or more diseases/disorders with overlapping symptoms a patient has - A systematic process used to identify the proper Dx from a set of possible competing Dx |
| Mutually exclusive diagnoses | Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, BPD with psychotic features |
| 6 steps of differential diagnosis | 1) Ruling out malingering/facitious disorder *2) Substance etiology? *3) Etiological medical condition? 4) Determining specific primary disorders 5) Differentiating adjustment disorder from un/specfied conditions 6) Boundary w/ no mental disorder |
| Step 1 of Diff Dx. : Ruling out malingering and factitious disorder | Whteher or not the patient is decieving the clinician by feigning symptoms Malingering - Motivation is to achieve clearly recognizable goal (ex. lighter sentencin) Factitious disorder - When deception is present even in absence of obvious ext. awards |
| Step 4 of Diff Dx. : Determining specific primary disorders (Done through what?) | Process of elimination, decision trees |
| Step 5 of Diff Dx. : Differentiating adjustment disorder from other un/specified conditions | Dx would be adjustment disorder if symptoms develop as maladaptvie response to a stressor If stressor is not responsible for dev of significant symptoms+ they don't meet criteria for primary disorder, relevant other un/specified category may be Dx |
| Step 6 of Diff Dx. : Establishing boundary with no mental disorder | Whether or not symptoms are ubiquitos (part of human experience) or truly a disorder - Ie., most people experiencing periods of anxiety, depression, sleeplessness |
| Substance induced psychosis is... | The most common cause of acute psychosis |
| Step 2 of Diff Dx. : Ruling out a substance etiology | - Do the symptoms result from direct effects of substance? - Is the SU a consequence of having a primary psych disorder? (self-med) - Do the symptoms occur independently from SU? |
| Step 3 of Diff Dx. : Ruling out an Etiological Medical Condition | One of the most important/difficult distinctions- many indivs w/ gen med conditions have resulting psych symptoms due to complications |
| Etiological Medical Conditions | Metabolic, endocrine, infectious, genetic, heavy metal toxicity, delirium, neurologic conditions*, autoimmune conditions* *Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis - COndition where body attacks cells central to nerve signaling |
| Personality Disorder | Enduring pattern of inner experience and bhvr deviating markedly from norms/expectations of an indiv's culture - pervasive and inflexible - stable over time, leads to distress or impairment |
| Personality Disorder Clusters | Odd, eccentric - Dramatic, unpredictable - Anxious, fearful |
| Psychosis and personality disorders | PDs do not include *persistent* psychotic symptoms - Symptoms of psychosis are transient (short-lived) and directly related to characteristic symptoms of PD (Not just for Type A cluster) |
Created by:
user-2065689