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General Biology
Unit 3 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is energy? | the ability to do work or bring about a change |
| what is chemical energy? | energy stored in bonds |
| what is mechanical energy? | energy of movement |
| what are the two forms of energy? | -potential -kinetic |
| what is kinetic energy? | the energy of motion |
| what is potential energy? | stored energy whose capacity is used to do work |
| what is the law of conservation of energy/first law of thermodynamics? | energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another |
| what is the second law of thermodynamics? | energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of useable energy |
| what is entrophy? | the relative amount of disorganization in the universe |
| what is metabolism? | the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
| what is free energy (ΔG)? | the amount of energy left to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred |
| what is the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions? | exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions require an input of energy to occur |
| what is contained in ATP structure? | -nitrogen containing base -ribose sugar -three phosphate groups |
| what is an enzyme? | a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction |
| what is activation energy (Ea)? | the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with each other |
| what does Rxn rate depend on? | -substrate availability -temperature -pH -Presence of inhibitors |
| what do kinases do? | add phosphate groups to proteins, which serves as an off/off switch |
| when is an enzyme function inhibited? | when a molecule (the inhibitor) binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity |
| what is LEO goes GER? | Losing Electrons Oxidation Gaining Electrons Reduction |
| what are autotrophs? | produce their own food ex. plants, algae, cyanobacteria |
| what are hetertrophs? | must take in preformed organic molecules ex. consumers like us |
| where does CO2 enter the leaf? | stomata |
| where does CO2 and water diffuse? | into the chloroplast |
| what is chlorophyll? | a pigment capable of capturing solar energy |
| what is catabolism? | breakdown of molecules |
| what is anabolism? | building molecules |
| what is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism? | anaerobic does not require oxygen aerobic requires oxygen |
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random567