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psych 101 test 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hilgard trilogy of mind | cognition, emotion, motivation |
| whole object bias | assumption word refers to entire thing and not a part |
| basic level bias | assumption word refers to simplest form (not category, name, or type) |
| mutual exclusivity bias | assumption based on what you DON'T know |
| RTPJ name and function | right tempo-parietal junction thinks about (others') thoughts |
| exploratory/descriptive | 1 variable, no predefined theories (self-report, observation, case studies) |
| correlational | 2+ variables, reveals relationships but not enough for causal claims |
| experimental | 1 variable causally affected by 1+ variable(s), independent/dependant & extraneous variables |
| causation criteria | variables must be correlated, one must precede the other, no reasonable alternative explanations |
| experimental research design options | within subjects, between subjects |
| within subjects | same group does multiple conditions / exposed to different levels |
| pro of within subjects | more consistency (& generally MORE RESULTS period) |
| between subjects | different groups doing different conditions/levels |
| pro of between subjects | good for hidden objective and avoiding fatigue, quicker |
| con of within subjects | doesn't work for hidden objective, vulnerable to practice/fatigue/carryover, takes longer |
| con of between subjects | individual differences threaten internal validity, requires more participants |
| measured variables in correlational studies | predictor and predicted variables |
| researcher & subject bias | "hawthorne effect" - change in behaviour when being observed |
| demand characteristics bias | accidental cues from experimenter/context telling participants how to behave |
| single blind | participants don't know conditions/hypothesis |
| double blind | neither participant nor experimenter know condition |
| autonomic nervous system | INVOLUNTARY, splits into sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of ANS, action/ideas and fight/flight |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of ANS, digest/rest and calm |
| frontal lobe | organization, emotional control, personality, motor control (+ some language on left side) |
| temporal lobe | sound processing (right by ears), identifying language, objects, faces |
| parietal lobe | integration, somatosensory perception (touch, pain, temperature) |
| neuron cell body | bulb containing cell nucleus |
| dendrites | branches receiving info from other neurons |
| axon | nerve fiber conducting impulse away from nerve body |
| glial cells | surrounding axon, form myelin sheath (e.g. microglia - immune system, ependymal cells - spinal fluid) |
| nucleus | cells organelle containing DNA |
| terminal branches | transmit info across the synaptic gap |
| myelin | fatty substance forming a sheath around axon |
| broca's aphasia | expressive: good understanding, loss of (some) ability to speak due to left side frontal lobe injury |
| wernicke's aphasia | fluent/receptive: good speech, loss of (some) understanding |
| H.M. | removal of hippocampus, no new memory formation (but retained ability to build skills) |
| phineas gage | tamping iron through head, frontal lobe damage resulted in altered personality (impulse control) |
| animal research | single-cell recording studies, experiments w/ drugs, lesion studies |
| TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) | temporary lesion/activation through electricity: used to map CORTEX ONLY |
| rTMS | fast frequency repetitive TMS, used to treat depression |
| EEG (electroencephalography) | measures patterns of electrical activity through scalp, (timing/type/amount of arousal, NO SPATIAL DETAIL) |
| ERP (event related potentials) | average of EEG signals show brain response to event (brief change in small period of time) |
| oddball paradigm | shown stimuli with unusual occurrences, amplified response if unlikely and slow if a subtle difference |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | detailed pic through magnetic field aligning hydrogen atoms - SLOW & EXPENSIVE LOCALIZATION |
| fMRI (functional MRI) | measures blood flow for real time pic (BOLD signal: blood oxygen level dependant) - MOST PROMINENT |
| adrian owen | "imagine playing tennis" fMRI used for communication with those in minimally conscious vegetative state |
Created by:
cheapnmeowing