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Medical Illustration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Galen | born in moden day Turkey, studied in egypt, served as physician for gladiators, emperors, most influential figure in medical world, 350+ texts |
| articella | written by hipocrates and Galen with arabic commentators, includes ars medica (art of medicine) and ars parra (short theory of medicine |
| avicenna | persian work, accounted all medical theories in common, kept galen's theories alive |
| top register | cosmas and Damian, christ and a healing miracle |
| middle register | classical physicialns and writers |
| bottom register | dissection |
| rete mirabile | present in calves, network of nerves at the base of the neck |
| galenic topics | the arteries and veins, the nerves, the muscles, the bones` |
| 5 figure series | vein man, artery man, bone man, nerve man, muscle man all in frog poses |
| wellcome apocalypse | 1420, artist attemped more advanced depiction of bones, more 3d, labled muscle man, as well as organ and vein man |
| amindula | almost, chest muscle, arabic source |
| when did human dissections begin? | 1400s |
| galen medicine | knowledge on what is healthy, morbin, neutral |
| circle of hippocrates | the 4 humors associaTed with the 4 seasons, 4 elements, 4 qualities, 4 stages of life |
| chyle | thought to have cooked the food into the 4 humors in the stomach |
| zodiac man | believed the the whole universe was connected, dictated when specific procedures could be done depending on the zodiac |
| folden almanac | small manuscript with time astrology medicine, for doctors on the move, table of urine classes, sun and moon, bloodletting, calendar, zodiac man |
| vein man | shown without veins, spots pointing to where to cut to find each vein for bloodletting |
| barber surgeons | low workers who performed both dissections and grooming services |
| italian renaissance ideas of artistic knowledge (1300-1580) | influenced by classical greek and roman art, wanted to capture nature's beauty, first drew muscles, then skin, then clothes, characted studies of skeletons in positions |
| pollaiuolo | first master to skin many human bodies in order to investigate the muscles and understand the nude in a more modern way |
| gli affetti | feelings as expressed through the body |
| 16th century themes | shirt from artists-anatomists to anatomists-artists, representatin vs information, more dialogue |
| jacopo berengario da carpi | anatomist, professor university of bologna, doctor, treatise on skull fractures, wrote isagogae breves (short first principles) |
| ostiolum/ostio | latin for door |
| charles estienne | studied medicine in paris, came from a parisian family of printers |
| andreas vesalius | professor, univerity of padua, personal physician to Charles V, holy roman emperor |
| dissection from the bundle of medicine | first depiction of a dissect, published 1943 weeks new text, first hand dissection information, professor taught but didn't do work, surgeon seen as manual labor |
| anatomical flap print | pieces of a print or painting could be flipped back to reveal lower layers of a dissection |
| the anatomy lesson of dr tulp | rembrandt, group portrain, but different, vesalius's writing open, near opening of amsterdam university, body positioned to hide the neck bc it was hung |
| foreshortening | rendering of a figure as if it is receding into space |
| anatomical venus | wax sculture that could have layers taken away piece by piece, usually a woman to show the womb |
| demountable | can be taken apart |
| ceroplasty | the ancient and delicate art of modeling, carving, or casting sculptures and realistic objects using wax |
| anna morandi manzolini and giovanni | Italian anatomist, anatomical wax modeler, and lecturer of anatomical design at the University of Bologna. She became internationally known for the production of anatomical wax models based on anatomical dissections |
| Hottentot | term used by European settlers to refer to the Khoekhoe, the indigenous pastoralist peoples of Southern Africa |
| body worlds | traveling exhibit featuring real human bodies preserved through plastination, meant to strength a sense of health, show potential and limits of the body, raise the question and th emeaning of life |
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