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Unit 7 GOV 133 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Constitution | A document or a set of documents that outlines the powers, institutions, and structure of government, as well as expressing the rights of citizens and the limits on government |
| Bill of rights | A list of rights of the citizens of a state or a political community, contained within a constitution and designed to restrict the abuse of power by government |
| Codified constitution | One that is set out in a single, self-contained document |
| Uncodified constitution | One that is spread among several documents |
| Entrenchment | The question of the legal procedures for amending a constitution |
| Flexible constitution | One that can be amended more easily, often in the same way that ordinary legislation is passed |
| Rigid constitution | One that is entrenched, requiring more demanding amendment procedures |
| Eternity clause | An element of a constitution that is considered inalienable and that cannot be amended or removed |
| Judiciary | A collective term for the judges within the system of courts that interpret and apply the law in keeping with the constitution |
| Judicial review | The power of a court to nullify any laws or actions proposed or taken by government officials that contravene the constitution. Also known as constitutional review |
| Cassation | The power of the highest court in a state to review decisions by lower courts. |
| Institutionalism | An approach to the study of politics and government that focuses on the structure and dynamics of governing instituions |
| New institutionalism | A revival of institutionalism that goes beyond formal rules and looks at how institutions shape decisions and define interests |
| Institutionalization | The process by which organizations build history, memory, stability, and permanence |
| Concrete review | Judgments made on constitutional validity of law, policy or government action in the context of a specific case |
| Original jurisdiction | The power of a court to review cases that originate with the court itself |
| Appellate | The power of a court to review decisions reached by lower courts |
| Abstract review | Advice (not usually binding) given by a court on the constitutionality of a law, policy, or action of government |
| Judicial restraint | The view that judges -- out of deference to the elected branches of government -- should not strike down laws unless they are obviously unconstitutional |
| Judicial activism | The willingness of judges to venture beyond narrow legal reasoning, and potentially to influence public policy |
| Judicial independence | The idea that courts should be free from political influence, whether from other parts of governments or from actors outside government |
| State of emergency | A situation in which a government gives itself additional powers to deal with a natural disaster, civil unrest, or armed conflict |
| Martial law | Law declared by a military government or an occupying military force, during a supposedly temporary suspension of civilian law |
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