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Christianity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anglicans | Christians, including Episcopalians in the United States, who trace their roots to the founding of the Church of England by King Henry VIII |
| Atonement | Reconciliation of human beings with God, made possible by the sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross |
| Baptists | Protestants who insist on adult baptism by immersion and the independence of local congregations |
| Christ | Greek term for messiah in Hebrew, and a title Christians give to Jesus |
| Congregationalists | Protestants who insist on the independence of each congregation; dominant in New England in the colonial period, they are now active in the United States in the United Church of Christ |
| Deists | People who believe that God is like a watchmaker who creates the world and then simply observes its activities from afar without intervening |
| Denomination | A subgroup of Protestant organizations that operate under a common name, such as Methodism or Lutheranism |
| Eastern Orthodoxy | One of the three main Christian branches, particularly strong in Eastern Europe, which honors the Patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul) |
| Eucharist | Worship service of bread and wine commemorating both the Last Supper of Jesus with His followers and the death of Jesus by crucifixion; also called the Mass, Divine Liturgy, and Holy Communion |
| Evangelicals | Conservative Protestants who emphasize conversion, biblical inspiration, the atoning death of Jesus, and Christian activism |
| Faith | Central Christian term that originally referred to "trust" but now refers to "belief"; Protestants affirm that salvation comes by "faith alone" and not by works |
| Four Gospels | New Testament books that tell stories of Jesus's life, namely, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John |
| Fundamentalists | Modern Protestants who reject biblical criticism and evolutionary theory and interpret the Bible literally; though fervently opposed to modernity, they use modern technologies, including radio, television, and the internet |
| Icon | Sacred image of Christ or a saint believed by Eastern Orthodox Christians to facilitate contact with the subject of the image |
| Incarnation | Christian doctrine that Jesus is a god who was born, lived, and died as a human being |
| Mary | Virgin mother of Jesus and the most revered of Christian saints |
| Megachurch | Very large Protestant church, typically evangelical, with an average weekly attendance of 2,000 or more |
| Methodists | Protestants who trace their roots to John and Charles Wesley and emphasize the power of the Holy Spirit to change lives |
| Mormons | Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, founded by Joseph Smith Jr. and headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah |
| New Testament | Portion of the Christian Bible written in Greek and focused on Jesus and the Jesus movement, including the Four Gospels and various epistles (or letters) |
| Old Testament | Portion of the Christian Bible written in Hebrew and borrowed from the Jewish tradition, which refers to its books as the Hebrew Bible |
| Orthodoxy | Belief accepted as correct by church leaders, as contrasted with heresy, or unacceptable belief |
| Our Lady of Guadalupe | Popular Catholic saint in the Spanish-speaking world; her basilica in Mexico City is the world's most visited Christian pilgrimage site |
| Pentecostals | Conservative Protestants who affirm both the baptism of the Holy Spirit as a second experience of grace (after conversion) and the gifts that comes with that experience, including speaking in tongues |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome and, according to Roman Catholics, the leader of the Christian church on earth |
| Protestantism | One of the three main Christian branches, particularly strong in the United States, which preaches faith over works and biblical authority over church tradition |
| Puritans | Protestants who worked, in England and in New England, to "purify" Christianity of lingering Roman Catholic influences |
| Reformation | Sixteenth-century movement that, by challenging the authority of priests, popes, and the Roman Catholic Church, gave rise to Protestantism |
| Roman Catholicism | One of the three main Christian branches, particularly strong in Latin America, which looks to the authority of the Pope in Rome |
| Salvation | Liberation from sin, the Christian religious goal |
| Seven Sacraments | Central rituals for Catholics and Orthodox Christians, namely, baptism, confirmation (or chrismation), Eucharist (or the Divine Liturgy), confession, anointing of the sick (or holy unction), marriage, and ordination |
| Sin | Both a state of separation from God and an act of wrongdoing; said by Christians to be wiped away by the death of Jesus on the cross |
| Social Gospel | Liberal Protestant movement that saw sin and salvation as social and worked to address structural injustice |
| Soft Monotheism | Belief in one God who appears in human form, as distinct from the strict monotheism of Muslims and Jews, who reject the descent of the divine into a human body |
| Sola Scriptura | Protestant Reformation slogan affirming the biblical authority over church tradition |
| Transubstantiation | Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine used in the Mass are ritually transformed into the actual body and blood of Jesus Christ |
| Trinity | Christian doctrine that there are three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) in one Godhead |
| Unitarians | Christians who reject the doctrines of original sin, the Trinity, and the divinity of Jesus; the Unitarian Universalist Association now includes both Christians and non-Christians |
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