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classic soc quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| hobbes' three causes for quarrel | competition (for gain), glory (for reputation), diffidence (for safety - lack of trust, esp. to self) |
| hobbes' social contract | giving up freedom for safety: fear moved from neighbours to authority |
| hobbes' natural laws | pursue peace or war based on what will best protect oneself |
| hobbes on human nature | reason is not natural, CONFLICT and COMPETITION is |
| rousseau on human nature | COOPERATION is natural |
| rousseau's social contract | advantages of nature -> advantages of civility |
| rousseau on the state | could not have been created without people having cooperation/community FIRST |
| rousseau on authority | absolute authority renders actions meaningless |
| smith on human nature | SYMPATHY is natural (limited by personal experience, gap bridged with language) |
| smith on propriety | relationship between sentiments & actions (from your perspective) |
| smith on individualization | leads to feeling of alienation/ennui (no one else feels this way, i am alone...) |
| smith's two virtues | amiable and respectable (sympathizing reasonably, acquiring respect for that ability) |
| kant on public disagreement | must be allowed to argue as much as you want (& about what you want), but you must obey |
| role differentiation (kant) | varying roles in society: people act differently in different spheres |
| kant: "political power should be done through..." | reason, not domination |
| kant on ideology | state + church limit people's ability to think for themselves - making them IMMATURE |
| estranged labour | worker reduced to another commodity (increased value of commodity->decreased value of worker) |
| species-being | capitalism alienates from nature, labour, and other people: our whole species and behaviours |
| process of survival complicated from... | i am, i have, i survive -> i am, i have labour, i sell my labour on MARKET, i get & trade money, i have, i survive |
| empiricism and materialism | need to focus on real-world experiences, not separate reason/spirit from them |
| tribal property system | endogenous: all for community/family |
| communal property system | private property begins emerging |
| feudal property system | private property becomes more important than communal property (urbanization) |
| corporate property system | money making more money, property making more property |
| commodity fetishism | object-> commodity transformation (added socially defined, not innate, concept of VALUE) |
| world embracing market | capitalism is a globalized unstoppable force |
| MCM | also M-M': turning money into more money - OPEN PROCESS: CAN BE ENDLESS |
| CMC | essentially trade (commodity for commodity, with money to smooth transaction) - CLOSED PROCESS |
| enlightenment | having courage to use your own understanding without guidance of another (opposite of immaturity) |
| public reason | speak out, foster free thinking (outside of the duties you perform), DISAGREE and advocate for reform |
| private reason | obey the rules (especially regarding your duties), do not rebel (risking chaos / civil war) |
| political economy | treating private property and interests of capitalists as facts not to be questioned, hides relationship b/w worker and production |
| alienation of labour | 'human activities' (creation, imagination, thinking, any external labour) = COERCED, a means to satisfy ANIMAL needs |
| race, according to du bois | a family of humans (generally w/ common blood+language, always w/ common history) striving together for ideals of life |
| du bois on what is necessary to advance (the race) | honesty, earnestness, inspiration, unity - throughout Black organizations |
Created by:
cheapnmeowing