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MT Chapter 12
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| glomerul/o | glomerulus (little balls of blood vessels inside the kidney) |
| nephr/o, ren/o | kidney |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| ur/o, urin/o | urine |
| lith/o | stone |
| cyst/o, vesic/o | bladder |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| meat/o | opening |
| balan/o | penis |
| epididym/o | epididymis (place for finishing sperm cell development on top of the testicle) |
| orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o | testicle |
| prostat/o | prostate |
| sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i | sperm |
| anuria | lack of urination |
| cystalgia, cystodynia | pain in the bladder |
| cystoplegia | bladder paralysis |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| enuresis | involuntary urination |
| hematuria | bloody urination |
| nephralgia | pain in the kidney |
| nocturia | nighttime urination |
| nocturnal enuresis | nighttime involuntary urination |
| olguria | low urine output |
| polydypsia | excessive thirst |
| incontinence | inability to control urination |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| ureteralgia, | pain in the ureter |
| urethrodynia | pain in the urethra |
| urethrorrhea | discharge from the urethra |
| uracyanosis | blue urine |
| urodynia | painful urination |
| balanorrhea | discharge from the penis |
| orchialgia, orchiodynia | testicle pain |
| orchidoptosis | downward displacement of a testicle |
| priapism | persistent and painful erection |
| albuminuria | protein in the urine |
| azotemia | excess nitrogen in the blood |
| azotorrhea | excessive discharge of nitrogen |
| azoturia | excess nitrogen in the urine |
| cystorrhexis | rupture of the bladder |
| dipsogenic | creating thirst |
| glucosuria, glycosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyponatremia | low sodium in the blood |
| ketolysis | breakdown of ketones |
| ketonuria | presence of ketones in the urine |
| meatal stenosis | narrowing of the opening of the urethra |
| nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
| nephrosis | kidney condition |
| uremia | urine in the blood |
| ureterocele | hernia of a creter |
| ureterolithiasis | presence of stones in the ureter |
| ureterostenosis | narrowing of a ureter |
| urethrospasms | involuntary contraction of the uretha |
| urethrostenosis | narrowing of the urethra |
| cystoscopy | process for examining the bladder |
| meatoscope | instrument for examining the opening of the urethra |
| nephroscopy | procedure for examining a kidney |
| meatoscopy | process for examining the opening of a the urethra |
| resectoscope | instrument for examining and cutting (usually the prostate) |
| ureteroscopy | process for examining a ureter |
| urethroscope | instrument for examining the urethra |
| urethroscopy | process for examining the urethra |
| urinalysis (UA) | analysis of the urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy |
| diuresis | excessive urination |
| nephrologist | specialist in kidneys |
| nephrology | study of the kidneys |
| urologist | specialist in the urinary tract |
| urology | study of the urinary tract |
| uropoiesis | formation of urine |
| uroxanthin | substance in urine that makes in yellow |
| voiding | another term for urination |
| anorchidism | lack of a testicle |
| aspermia | condition characterized by lack of sperm |
| azoospermia | condition characterized by lack of living sperm |
| cryptorchidism | hidden testicle |
| hydrocele | fluid-filled mass in a testicle |
| hypospadias | birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis |
| oligospermia | condition characterized by low sperm production |
| phimosis | contraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted |
| prostatolith | stone in the prostate |
| prostatomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the prostate |
| prostatorrhea | discharge from the prostate |
| seminoma | type of testicular cancer arising from sperm-forming tissue |
| spermatocele | hernia or distention of the epididymis caused by sperm cells |
| spermatolysis | destruction of sperm cells |
| digital rectal exam (DRE) | examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum |
| ejaculation | emission of semen from the urethra |
| gonads | pair of organs used for sexual reproduction; in males, they are testicles, and in females, they are ovaries |
| spermatogensis | creation of sperm |
| vas deferens | vessel carrying sperm from the testicles |
| cystogram | image of the bladder |
| cystography | process for recording/imaging the bladder |
| nephrogram | image of a kidney |
| nephrography | procedure for imaging a kidney |
| nephrosonography | procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves |
| pyelogram | image of the renal pelvis |
| renal angiogram | image of a kidney blood vessel |
| renal angiography | process of imaging a kidney blood vessel |
| renal arteriogram | image of a kidney artery |
| retrograde pyelogram | image of the renal pelvis produced by injecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney |
| ultrasonography | imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves |
| voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) | imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra during urination |
| transrectal ultrasonography | procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate) |
| urethrogram | image of the urethra |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystocele | hernia of the bladder |
| cystolith | stone in the bladder |
| cystoptosis | downward displacement of the bladder |
| cystospasm | involuntary contraction of the bladder |
| cystoureteritis | inflammation of the bladder and ureter |
| cystourethrocele | hernia of the bladder and urethra |
| glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli |
| glomerulopathy | disease of the kidney involving primarily the glomeruli |
| glomerulosclerosis | hardening of the glomeruli |
| hydronephrosis | kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow |
| lithonephritis | inflammation of the kidneys caused by stones |
| nephritis | inflammation of the kidney |
| nephrocele | hernia of a kidney |
| nephrohypertrophy | overdevelopment of the kidney |
| nephrolithiasis | presence of stones in the kidney |
| nephromalacia | abnormal softening of a kidney |
| nephromegaly | abnormal enlargement of a kidney |
| nephropathy | any kidney disease |
| nephroptosis | downward displacement of a kidney |
| nephrosclerosis | abnormal hardening of a kidney |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| pyelocystitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and bladder |
| peylocystostomosis | creation of an opening between the renal pelvis and bladder |
| pyelonephritis | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis |
| pyelopathy | disease of the renal pelvis |
| peyloureterectasia | dilation of the renal pelvis and ureter |
| pyonephritis | inflammation of the kidney caused by pus |
| pyonephrolithiasis | presence of pus and stones in the kidney |
| pyopyelectasis | pus in a dilated renal elvis |
| renal failure | kidney failure |
| renal ischemia | deficiency of blood in a kidney |
| stress urinary incontinence (SUI) | loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure |
| ureteritis | inflammation of the ureter |
| ureteropyelitis | inflammation of the ureter and renal pelvis |
| ureteropyelonephritis | inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter |
| urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
| urethrocystitis | inflammation of the urethra and bladder |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | infection of the urinary tract |
| uropathy | disease of the urinary tract |
| vesicocele | hernia of the bladder |
| vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureters |
| balanitis | inflammation of the penis |
| benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), benign prostate hypertrophy | noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as an enlarged prostate |
| epididymitis | inflammation of the epididymis |
| epididymo-orchitis | inflammation of the testicles and epididymis |
| orchiditis | inflammation of the testicles |
| orchiepididymitis | inflammation of the testicles and epididymis |
| orchiopathy | disease of the testicles |
| orchitis | inflammation of the testicles |
| prostatisis | inflammation of the prostate |
| prostatocystitis | inflammation of the prostate and bladder |
| prostatovesiculitis | inflammation of the prostate and seminal vesicles |
| testitis | inflammation of a testicle |
| varicocele | overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor |
| cystoma | tumor of the bladder |
| hypernephroma | another name for renal cell carcinoma |
| nephroma | kidney tumor |
| renal cell carcinoma | cancer of the kidneys |
| seminoma | type of testicular cancer arising form sperm-forming tissue |
| testicular carcinoma | testicular cancer |
| chlamydia | sexually transmitted disease characterized by genital discharge and painful urination caused by the bacterium chlamydia trachomatis |
| gonorrhea | a sexually transmitted disease characterized by discharge from the gonads, caused by the bacterium neisseria gonorrhoeae |
| herpes simplex virus (HSV) | a family of highly contagious viruses that affect mucous membranes and procedure watery blisters that eventually scab over |
| human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | disease that compromises a patient's immune system, leaving them open to other opportunistic infections. The late stage of this disease is referred to as AIDS. |
| human papilloma virus (HPV) | a virus that can cause warts and precancerous lesions in genital areas |
| syphilis | a STD characterized at first by skin irritations then later developing into neurological and heart symptoms, caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum |
| trichomoniasis | a STD characterized by genital itching, painful urination, and genital discharge, caused by the parasite trichomonas vaginalis |
| antispasmodic | a drug used to prevent spasms |
| diuretic | agent that causes urination |
| spermicide, spermolytic | agent that kills sperm |
| nephrotoxin | agent poisonous to the kidney |
| cystectomy | surgical removal of the bladder |
| cystolithectomy | surgical removal of a stone in the bladder |
| cystostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body |
| fulguration | use of electric current to destroy tissue |
| heminephrectomy | surgical removal of half a kidney |
| heminephroureterectomy | surgical removal of a half a kidney and a ureter |
| hemodialysis, kidney dialysis | procedure for removing waste from the bloodstream |
| intracorporeal lithotripsy | breakdown of kidney stones using a device placed inside the body |
| laparonephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
| lithectomy | surgical removal of a stone |
| lithoycstotomy | incision into a bladder to remove a stone |
| lithonephrotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
| lithotripsy | breakdown of a sotne |
| meatoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the opening of the urethra |
| meatorrhaphy | suture of the opening of the urethra |
| meatotomy | incision into the opening of the urethra |
| nephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney through the abdomen |
| nephrocystanastomosis | opening of a passageway between a kidney and the bladder |
| nephrolithotomy | incision into a kidney to remove a stone |
| nephropexy | surgical fixation of a kidney |
| nephrorrhaphy | suture of a kidbey |
| enphrostomy | creation of an opening in a kidney |
| nephrotomy | incision into a kidney |
| nephroureterectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
| pyelolithotomy | incision into a renal pelvis to remove a stone |
| pyeloplasty | surgical reconstruction of a renal pelvis |
| pyelostomy | creation of an opening in a renal pelvis |
| pyelotomy | incision into a renal pelvis |
| renal angioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a kidney blood vessel |
| ureteroileostomy | creation of an opening between a ureter and the ileum |
| ureteronephrectomy | surgical removal of a kidney and ureter |
| ureteroplasty | surgical reconstruction of a ureter |
| ureterorrhaphy | suture of a ureter |
| urethrectomy | surgical removal of the uretha |
| urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra |
| urethroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the urethra |
| urethrotomy | incision into the urethra |
| urinary catheterization | insertion of a catheter into the bladder to drain urine |
| urostomy | creation of an opening in the urinary tract, normally to divert urine flow away from a diseased bladder |
| vesicostomy | creation of an opening in the bladder |
| vesicotomy | incision into the bladder |
| balanoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the penis |
| circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis |
| epididymectomy | surgical removal of the epididymis |
| epididymotomy | incision into the epididymis |
| hydrocelectomy | surgical removal of a hydrocele |
| orchidectomy, orchiectomy | surgical removal of a testicle |
| orchidopexy, orchiopexy | surgical fixation of a testicle |
| orchidotomy | incision into a testicle |
| orchioplasty | surgical reconstruction of a testicle |
| prostatectomy | surgical removal of the protate |
| prostatolithotomy | incision into the prostate to remove a stone |
| prostatovesiculectomy | surgical removal of the prostate and the seminal vesicles |
| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | procedure of removing all of part of the prostate by the insertion of a resectoscope into the urethra |
| vasectomy | surgical removal of the vas deferens |
| vasovasostomy | creation of an opening between two vessels; this the technical term of a vasectomy reversal |
| vesiculectomy | surgical removal of the seminal vesicles |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| Bx | biopsy |
| cath | catheter |
| ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy |
| HD | hemodialysis |
| I&O | intake and output |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| IVU | intravenous urogram |
| KUB | kidneys, ureters, baldder |
| OAB | overactive bladder |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disase |
| RP | retrograde pyelogram |
| SUI | stress urinary incontinence |
| UA | urinalysis |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| BPH | benign prostate hyperplasia |
| DRE | digital rectal exam |
| ED | erectile dysfunction |
| HIV | human immundeficiency virus |
| HPV | human papilloma virus |
| HSV | herpes simplex cirus |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| STD/STI | sexually transmitted disease, sexually transmitted infection |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
Created by:
hkreider