The transfer and mixing of alleles between populations through dispersal and successful mating.

Primary Effect of Gene Flow

Equalizes allele frequencies between populations and introduces new alleles.

The movement of individuals or gametes from their birthplace to a new location.

Dispersal driven by an organism's own movement (e.g., swarming locusts).

Dispersal relying on environmental vectors like wind or water (e.g., dandelion seeds).

Benefits of Dispersal

Finding better habitats, avoiding competition with relatives, and avoiding inbreeding.

High energy consumption and risk of mortality during movement

State where a population is specifically adapted to local environmental conditions.

A gradual change in an allele frequency or physical trait across a geographic gradient.

Loss of local adaptation in a population caused by heavy gene flow overwhelming natural selection.

A geographic region where gene flow produces hybrids (heterozygotes) that have lower fitness than parents.

A condition where heterozygotes have lower fitness than either homozygote class.

Non-random mating between closely related individuals.

Genetic Consequence of Inbreeding

Increases homozygosity and exposes deleterious recessive alleles.

Inbreeding Depression

The reduction in offspring fitness resulting from mating between close relatives.

The most extreme form of inbreeding, leading to a 50% probability of homozygous deleterious mutations.

Molecular mechanisms in hermaphroditic plants preventing self-fertilization to avoid inbreeding.

The reduction in average population fitness caused by the fixation of harmful mutations via drift.

Non-random mating where mate selection is based on physical, behavioral, or resource-guarding traits.

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Gene Flow & Inbreeds

Intro to Evolution

Question	Answer
Gene Flow	The transfer and mixing of alleles between populations through dispersal and successful mating.
Primary Effect of Gene Flow	Equalizes allele frequencies between populations and introduces new alleles.
Dispersal	The movement of individuals or gametes from their birthplace to a new location.
Active Dispersal	Dispersal driven by an organism's own movement (e.g., swarming locusts).
Passive Dispersal	Dispersal relying on environmental vectors like wind or water (e.g., dandelion seeds).
Benefits of Dispersal	Finding better habitats, avoiding competition with relatives, and avoiding inbreeding.
Costs of Dispersal	High energy consumption and risk of mortality during movement
Local Adaptation	State where a population is specifically adapted to local environmental conditions.
Cline	A gradual change in an allele frequency or physical trait across a geographic gradient.
Gene Swamping	Loss of local adaptation in a population caused by heavy gene flow overwhelming natural selection.
Tension Zone	A geographic region where gene flow produces hybrids (heterozygotes) that have lower fitness than parents.
Underdominance	A condition where heterozygotes have lower fitness than either homozygote class.
Inbreeding	Non-random mating between closely related individuals.
Genetic Consequence of Inbreeding	Increases homozygosity and exposes deleterious recessive alleles.
Inbreeding Depression	The reduction in offspring fitness resulting from mating between close relatives.
Self-Fertilization	The most extreme form of inbreeding, leading to a 50% probability of homozygous deleterious mutations.
Self-Incompatibility	Molecular mechanisms in hermaphroditic plants preventing self-fertilization to avoid inbreeding.
Inbreeding Load	The reduction in average population fitness caused by the fixation of harmful mutations via drift.
Sexual Selection	Non-random mating where mate selection is based on physical, behavioral, or resource-guarding traits.

Created by: bbrdd

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