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latinos in us exam 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Saint Augustine | first permanent European settlement in USA, founded in 1565 by the Spanish Admiral Pedro Menendez de Aviles |
| Bracero program | brought millions of Latinos to US to fill labor gaps left by WW2 soldiers |
| immigration reform and control act | 1986, launched initiatives to close the border, amnesty for undocumented workers who met specific residence requirement, sanction on employers who hired undocumented workers |
| illegal immigrant reform and immigrant responsibility act | 1996, banned undocumented workers from publicly funded programs |
| public law 94-311 | 1976, created the "Hispanic" population and mandated the collection, analysis, and publication of the data on this population |
| directive 15 of the office of management and budget | 1977, authorized the Hispanic term for official use, standardized the collection and reporting of racial and ethnic statistics |
| spanglish | code switching |
| race | geographically isolated subdivision of a species (homosapiens) |
| ethnicity | shared culture and way of life reflected in language, folkways, religions, territory, traditions, and history |
| genotype | race is supposed to reflect shared genetic material inherited from ancestors |
| phenotype | observable characteristics, used by some to classify racial groups |
| hypodescent | one-drop rule, one drop of non-white blood determines race |
| miscegenation | interracial marriages |
| Afro-latino | Latinos in US who choose Blackness as a racial identity along with the ethnic classification |
| Latine | gender neutral form of identity |
| castilian | term for Spanish language, used to distinguish from other forms of Spanish like Catalan |
| mestizo | racial and cultural mixtures between the indigenous and European populations |
| mulatto | mixing of European and African populations |
| American creed | crucial element of US national identity, stems from Anglo-Protestant culture of founding settlers |
| aztlan | mythical territory from where the Aztec pop migrated southward to central Mexico |
| reconquista | reconquest |
| discourse | a formation/cluster of ideas, images, and practices that construct knowledge of, ways of talking about, and forms of conduct associated with a particular topic, social activity or institutional site in society |
| quebec model | fear/threat seen by US of French Immigrants, almost separated from the rest of Canada |
| eugenics | the belief and practice of improving the genetic quality of humans |
| hegemony | system of values, attitudes, and morals that support the established order and the class interests that dominate it |
| Antonio Gramsci | Italian political theorist, hegemony |
| Samuel P. Huntington | The American Creed writer |
| Leo R. Chavez | Latino Threat writer |
| history of US military intervention in Latin America | |
| the history of political intervention in Latin America | |
| the history of economic intervention in Latin America | |
| the history of immigration from Caribbean, Central, and South American countries | |
| history of Spanish colonization and influence in US | Spain dominated much of the US South and SW for more than 200 years |
| Mexican-American war | 1846-48, Mexico lost 1/3 of their territory, 75,000 Mexican people living in US at the end of the war |
| Spanish-American war | 1898, Cuba and PR become US colonial possessions, PRs became US citizens in 1917, Cubans welcomes as political refugees since 1959 |
| current demographic characteristics of the Latino pop (2020 census) | 25% Afro-Latino, 62 million Hispanics live in US, |
| geographic spread of the Latino pop | CA, TX, FL, NY, and Illinois are top 5 largest Hispanic pop, South increase by 26% in Latino pop |
| diversity among Latino sub-groups | |
| creation of terms Hispanic and Latino by the Census Bureau | 1960, US gov made the term Hispanic to refer to people with ancestry tied to Spain, Mexico, and Spanish speaking countries in the Caribbean, Central, and South America |
| government agencies and legislation enacted to collect data about the Hispanic pop | Directive 15, public law, |
| two question format that the Census uses to classify Hispanics | racialization as Hispanic/Latino and racialization by color |
| racial categories and terms available for classification | |
| how Latinos self-identify in terms of race and ethinicity | usually chose some other race, as generations grow more identify as Hispanic or white |
| differences between racial formation in the US and Latin America | US uses Hispanic/Latino, Latin America race is the country you're from (ex. Venezuelan) |
| Latinx | gender neutral option instead of Latino/a |
| linguistic challenges of using x to substitute for gender | the whole language will have to be reworked, confusing |
| Viladrich's ethnonym suggestions for gender expressions | Latin, Latine, LatinUS |
| characteristics of the American Creed | English lang, Christianity, religious commitment, rule of law, individualism, hard work ethic |
| challenges posed by Hispanic immigrants to the American creed | Spanish language, bilingual and multicultural society |
| stereotypes and myths of undocumented immigration | stereotype as criminal |
| major themes of the Latino threat narrative | construction of illegal aliens as criminals, Quebec model, Mexican Invasion and reconquest of US, unwillingness to learn English and integrate to US society, out of control fertility, threats to national security |
| evidence that challenge the discourse of the latino threat narrative |
Created by:
23cryera