Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Thoacic and vert 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many cervical vertebrae are there | 7 vertebrae (C1-C7) |
| How many thoracic vertebrae are there | 12 vertebrae (T1-T12) |
| How many lumbar vertebrae are there | 5 vertebrae (L1-L5) |
| How many vertebrae fuse to form the sacrum | 5 fused vertebrae |
| How many fused vertebrae typically form the coccyx according to the guide | 4 small fused vertebrae |
| How many vertebral bones are in the adult vertebral column according to the guide | 26: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, the sacrum, and the coccyx |
| What is the memory trick for cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebral counts | "It's Dinner TIME!" = 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar |
| What are the five regions of the vertebral column | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx |
| What are the distinguishing features of cervical vertebrae | Smaller vertebrae, larger arches, transverse foramina for vertebral vessels, and bifid spinous processes on C2-C6 |
| What passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae | The vertebral artery and vein, according to the study guide |
| Which cervical vertebrae have bifid spinous processes according to the guide | C2-C6 |
| What are the distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae | All articulate with ribs; have long, pointed spinous processes and costal facets or demifacets |
| What are the distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae | They are the largest and strongest vertebrae, with short, thick projections |
| What are the main features of the sacrum | Five fused vertebrae; articulates with the pelvic girdle; contains a sacral canal, anterior and posterior sacral foramina, and a median sacral crest |
| What is the sacral canal | A canal within the sacrum |
| What are the anterior and posterior sacral foramina | Openings in the sacrum on its anterior and posterior surfaces |
| What is the median sacral crest | A ridge on the posterior surface of the sacrum |
| What is the coccyx | Four small fused vertebrae that articulate with the sacrum |
| What are the four normal adult spinal curves | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral |
| Which spinal curves are secondary and convex | Cervical and lumbar curves |
| Which spinal curves are primary and concave | Thoracic and sacral curves |
| What spinal curve does an infant initially have according to the guide | One single concave curve |
| When do additional spinal curves develop according to the guide | As developmental milestones occur, including holding up the head, sitting, and walking |
| What is an intervertebral disc | A disc between vertebrae containing an annulus fibrosus and a nucleus pulposus |
| What is the annulus fibrosus | Fibrocartilage that surrounds the nucleus pulposus, limits its expansion under compression, and binds vertebrae together |
| What is the nucleus pulposus | The central material of an intervertebral disc that gives it elasticity and compressibility |
| What happens during a herniated intervertebral disc | The nucleus pulposus is squeezed out of the annulus fibrosus |
| Where do herniated intervertebral discs usually occur according to the guide | In the lumbar vertebrae |
| What can a herniated intervertebral disc compress | A spinal nerve root |
| What is the body of a typical vertebra | The thick, disc-shaped anterior portion that bears weight |
| What forms the vertebral arch | The pedicles and laminae |
| What forms the vertebral foramen | The vertebral body and vertebral arch |
| What does the vertebral foramen contain | The spinal cord and blood vessels |
| Where does the spinous process project | Posteriorly from the lamina |
| Where do the transverse processes project | Laterally, one on each side |
| How many superior and inferior articular processes or facets does a typical vertebra have | Two superior and two inferior; they articulate with adjacent vertebrae |
| What is the atlas | C1, the first cervical vertebra |
| What are the characteristics of the atlas (C1) | It is ring-shaped, has no body, has large lateral masses, and has anterior and posterior arches |
| What is the axis | C2, the second cervical vertebra |
| What are the characteristics of the axis (C2) | It has a body and the dens, its distinguishing feature |
| What is the dens | A projection on the axis (C2) that is important for rotation of the upper cervical spine |
| What is the main difference between the atlas and axis | Atlas (C1) is ring-shaped and lacks a body; axis (C2) has a body and dens |
| What articulates with the superior articular facets of the atlas | The occipital condyles |
| What joint is formed by the occipital condyles and atlas | The atlanto-occipital joint |
| What structures of the atlas should you be able to identify | Anterior arch, posterior arch, transverse process, transverse foramen, vertebral foramen, and superior articular facets |
| Which vertebrae articulate with ribs | All thoracic vertebrae, T1-T12 |
| What are costal facets | Articulating surfaces for the heads or tubercles of ribs |
| What are demifacets according to the course guide | Articulating surfaces associated with a rib articulating with two vertebral bodies; T1-T9 are listed this way |
| Which thoracic vertebrae are listed as having a rib articulate with one vertebra | T1 and T10-T12, according to the study guide |
| What is the sternum | The breastbone in the thoracic cage |
| What are the three parts of the sternum | Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process |
| What is the manubrium | The quadrangular, handle-shaped superior part of the sternum |
| What landmarks are found on the manubrium | Suprasternal (jugular) notch, clavicular notch, depressions for costal cartilages of ribs 1 and 2, and its contribution to the sternal angle |
| What is another name for the body of the sternum in the lecture | Gladiolus |
| What is the xiphoid process | The inferior part of the sternum |
| How are ribs numbered | Ribs 1-12 are numbered from superior to inferior |
| What size pattern do the ribs follow according to the guide | Ribs increase in size from 1-7 and decrease in size from 8-12 |
| Where do ribs articulate with vertebrae | At the heads of the ribs with thoracic vertebrae |
| What are true ribs | Ribs 1-7; vertebrosternal ribs that attach directly to the sternum through hyaline costal cartilage |
| What are false ribs | Ribs 8-10; vertebrochondral ribs whose cartilage attaches to the cartilage of rib 7 |
| What are floating ribs | Ribs 11-12; vertebral ribs that are not attached to the sternum |
| How do true ribs attach to the sternum | Directly through hyaline costal cartilage |
| How do false ribs 8-10 attach to the sternum | Indirectly through the cartilage of rib 7 |
| Why are ribs 11-12 called floating ribs | They are not attached to the sternum |
| Compare true, false, and floating ribs by number and attachment | True: 1-7, direct attachment Floating: 11-12, no sternal attachment False: 8-10, indirect attachment through rib 7's cartilage |
| What is the relationship between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs | All 12 thoracic vertebrae articulate with ribs |
| What are the main structures of a typical vertebra to identify on a diagram | Body, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, pedicles, laminae, spinous process, transverse processes, and superior and inferior articular processes or facets |
| What are the key structures of the thoracic cage covered in the study guide | Thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and the costal cartilages involved in rib attachment |
Created by:
user-2052035