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Chem Ch 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Elements combine in many ways to form _________ | Compounds |
| Dalton's Atomic Theory | Law of definite proportions, law of multiple proportions |
| The properties of the compound are totally different from the ___________ ________ | Constituent elements |
| Compounds are held together by _________ _____ | Chemical bonds |
| What are bonds | Attraction forces between atoms |
| Bond formed between a metal and a nonmetal element | Ionic |
| Bond formed between two nonmetal elements | Covalent |
| Bond formed between two metal elements | Metallic |
| A _____ atom can transfer an electron to a ________ | Metal, nonmetal |
| _____________ ______ are what allow for attraction | Electrostatic forces |
| Bond is a balance between __________ forces and _________ forces | Attractive, repulsive |
| Compounds forming having ionic bonds are referred to as | Ionic compounds |
| Covalently bonded compounds are referred to as | Molecular compounds |
| A chemical formula represents the ___________ of a substance | Composition |
| The subscript of an element tells the number of _____ of that element in one molecule of the compound | Atoms |
| _________ formulas give the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound | Molecular |
| _________ formulas give the lowest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound | Empirical |
| Empirical formulas DO or DO NOT give info on the compound's shape of how atoms are attached to each other | DO NOT |
| Empirical formulas may or may indicate how many of each type of atom present in the compound. Will if: ____ Will not if: _____ | Will if: the molecular formula is the empirical formula Will not if: the molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula |
| __________ formulas show the order in which atoms are bonded | Structural |
| _______ models use balls to represent the atoms and sticks to represent the attachments between them | Ball-and-stick |
| _______ models use interconnected spheres to show the electron clouds of atoms connecting together | Space-filling |
| Who was the American chemist who developed a theory of chemical bonding that depended heavily on valence electrons | Lewis |
| What type of electrons are in the inner/filled shells | Core electrons |
| What type of electrons are in the outer shell | Valence electrons |
| What rule describes the need for atoms to be stable when forming compounds | Octet rule |
| What does the octet rule state | Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons |
| The Lewis structure for an ionic compound involves ______ dots. The metal becomes a ______ and the nonmetal becomes a _____ | Moving. Cation, anion |
| Charges on anions and cations within an ionic formula sum to | Zero |
| The molecular formula of a compound is always ____ the empirical formula | An integral part of |
| Lattice energy | The energy required to convert a mole of ionic solid into its constituent ions in the gas phase |
| The suffix -ide is primarily used for ______ | Monatomic anion names |
| The energy associated with electrostatic interactions is governed by ______ | Coulomb's Law |
| Naming Ionic compounds | Write the name of the cation. If anion is an element, change its ending to -ide; if anion is a polyatomic ion, simply write name of polyatomic ion. If the cation can have more than one possible charge, write the charge as a Roman numeral in parentheses. |
| Ionic compounds containing a specific number of waters for each formula unit | Hydrates |
| The sharing of one pair of electrons between atoms | Single bond |
| Many elements are found naturally as _____ molecules. This is from having a full electron shell through sharing. Ex.) Hydrogen (H2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2) | Diatomic |
| Naming Molecular compounds | Identify as nonmetals, order them (less electronegative first), name first element with full name, name second element with -ide ending, use numerical prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) |
| Formula mass, molecular mass, molecular weight, atomic mass, and atomic weight are all describing the same thing: | What is the mass/weight for one mole of something? |
| Molecular weight or molecular mass | The sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in the molecule |
| Atomic weight or atomic mass | The atomic mass of one mole of the element |
| How to calculate formula mass and molecular mass | Add up all the atomic weights of the elements |
| A chemical formula gives us ________ between the elements in a compound and the compound itself | Equivalences |
| A pure compound ________ consists of the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight | Always |
| We can express molecular composition as a ____ _______ ___________ or simply ____ _______ | Mass percent composition, mass percent |
| How to find the percentage of the mass of a compound | %Element= (# of atoms) (atomic weight) / (FW of the compound) x 100 |
| How to calculate molecular formula | Whole number multiple= Molecular weight / Empirical formula weight |
| The main element that is the focus of organic chemistry | Carbon |
| Carbon atoms bond almost exclusively __________ | Covalently |
| When naming ionic compounds, the ______ is named first followed by the _____ | Cation, anion |
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