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bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| monomer | one subunit in macromolecule |
| dimer | two subunits linked in macromolecule |
| trimer | three subunits linked in macromolecule |
| polymer | many subunits linked in macromolecule |
| dehydration synthesis | connecting two monomers by forming one water molecule, requires energy, requires enzymes (biological catalysts) |
| hydrolysis | breaking monomers, polymers apart by adding water, this is how you digest food. |
| carbohydrate | organic molecules made of sugar and its polymers, monnosaccharides (simple sugars) |
| Monosaccharides | simple sugar in which C,H, and O are found in a ratio of CH2O (1 carbon for every 2 hydrogens for every 1 carbon), important for energy, glucose is most common |
| Disaccharides | double sugar that consists of two monosaccharidies, the covalent bond between two monosachardides is called a glycosidic linkage |
| more disaccharides | maltose, lactose |
| polysaccharides | polymers of sugars, can be energy storing or structural |
| Glycogen | glucose polymer that is used for energy storage in animals, stored in liver, or muscle |
| Cellulose | Glucose polymer that is used for structural purposes in plants, found in plant cell walls, we do not have the properties to hydrolyze beta 1-4 linkages, we cannot digest cellulose |
| Lipids | diverse group of organic molecules that are insoluble in water , but will dissolve in non polar solvents. Fats and oils Phospholipids Waxes, Steriods |
| Fats and oils | long term energy storage, cushion vital organs, insulates against heat loss |
| Fats and oils structures | structures is called triglycerol: three carbon alchehol called glycerol, three fatty acids, long hydrocarbon chain. |
| fats | the linkage between a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group is called an ester linkage, insoluble in water because of the elong carbon chain |
| saturated fat | no double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid tails, saturated with hydrogens, usually at solid room temp, bacon grease, lard, and butter |
| unsaturated fat | one or more double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid tail, the tail kinks at each double bond usually liquid at room temp, vegetable oil |
| phospholipids | glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate group at the end of glycerol |
| Steroids | four fused carbon rings with various functional groups, estrogen, testosterone, many others |
| protein functions | structural suppirt, storage of amino acids, transport, signaling |
| protein | a molecule that consists of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a a specific conformation |
| polypeptide chain | polymer of amino acids |
| conformation | 3 dimensional shape of a molecule |
| draw an amino acid | ok |
| amino acid | building block of a protein |
| peptide bonding | amino acids are linked together to form long chains through dehydratiion synthesis reactions |
| A protein function depends on waht | conformation. |
| native conformation | the functional conformation of a protein under normal biological conditions |
| primary structure | the order of amino acids in the chain |
| secondary strcuture | regular repeated coiling and folding of a protein polypeptide. Alpha helix Beta pleated sheet |
| Tertiary structure | the 3 dimensional shape of a protein due to bonding of side chain, hydrophobic interactions, van DER wall interactions |
| Quaterny structure | structure due to the interaction between several polypeptide |
| Denaturing | a |
Created by:
svnbk