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Unit 3 Vocabulary
Mental and Emotional Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cognitive distortions | unhealthy patterns of thinking that are often not grounded in reality |
| identity | characteristics and qualities that distinguish who a person is |
| core values | part of identity that describes what a person believes and finds important; guide personal behaviors and choices |
| personality | combination of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique |
| self-image | mental picture of one’s abilities, appearance, and personality based on experiences and interactions with others |
| self-esteem | confidence in one’s own worth and abilities |
| affirmations | statements that acknowledge a person’s value and strengths |
| perfectionism | personal standard or attitude that rejects anything less than ideal performance |
| self-care | process of actively taking care of one’s own well-being and health, especially during periods of stress |
| mood swings | sudden shifts in emotion |
| emotions | strong feelings experienced based on one’s circumstances, relationships, or moods |
| defense mechanisms | mental processes used to avoid conscious conflict, feelings, or thoughts |
| emotional intelligence (EI) | skill in perceiving, understanding, and managing emotions and feelings |
| happiness | positive emotion linked to well-being and contentment with life |
| mind-set | person’s thought pattern, attitude, and mood |
| growth mind-set | belief that a person’s most basic abilities and feelings can be changed through hard work and dedication |
| fixed mind-set | belief that a person’s most basic abilities and feelings are permanent and cannot be changed |
| optimistic | expecting good outcomes for actions and feeling or showing hope for the future |
| pessimistic | expecting only bad outcomes for actions and feeling unhopeful for the future |
| rumination | act of thinking deeply or obsessively about negative feelings or situations |
| attitude | pattern of viewing and reacting to events in a certain way |
| mindfulness | state of concentrated, judgment-free awareness of what is happening in the present moment |
| gratitude | appreciation for what one has |
| outlook | way of thinking or feeling about a situation |
| self-talk | one’s thoughts about one’s self throughout the day |
| self-respect | pride and confidence in one’s self |
| dignity | recognition that all people have the right to be valued and respected for who they are |
| diversity | people’s differences in many areas, such as race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, or spiritual beliefs |
| empathy | ability to understand and share the feelings of another person |
| resilience | ability to recover from traumatic and stressful events |
| self-compassion | attitude of kindness and understanding toward one’s self, even when experiencing setbacks and disappointments |
| stress | body’s physical and psychological reactions to situations people perceive as threats |
| stressors | factors that lead to stress |
| trauma | extreme stress due to deeply disturbing events |
| toxic stress | stress caused by repeated, long-lasting exposure to severe stressors, such as neglect and abuse, violence, or loss of a loved one |
| fight-or-flight response | physiological stress reaction in which the body mobilizes its resources to fight off or escape from a perceived threat; also called the stress response |
| nervous system | body system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that trade information throughout the body |
| endocrine system | body system that consists of glands, which secrete hormones to regulate body processes |
| stress hormones | chemicals that coordinate the fight-or-flight response; include epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol |
| cardiovascular system | body system that transports blood throughout the body; consists of the heart and blood vessels |
| immune system | body system consisting of organs, tissues, and cells that defend against infection |
| digestive system | body system consisting of organs that take in foods, pass nutrients from these sources into the bloodstream, and then expel waste out of the body |
| reproductive system | body system consisting of organs that work together to create new human life; is different between males and females |
| cognition | ability to think, reason, and remember |
| stress-related disorder | mental illness that develops as a result of stressful events; examples include acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | stress-related disorder characterized by flashbacks, feelings of numbness, and difficulty sleeping after an extremely stressful event |
| burnout | state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion |
| stress management | process of using strategies to reduce the impact of the stress response and handle threatening situations in positive ways |
| time management | practice of devoting the appropriate amount of time to each task, only committing to tasks you have time for, and prioritizing tasks; helps people reach goals and reduce stress |
| visualization | relaxation technique that involves imagining one’s self in a pleasant environment |
| progressive muscle relaxation | relaxation technique that involves tensing and then relaxing each part of the body until the whole body feels relaxed |
| body scan | relaxation technique that involves paying careful attention to the body, scanning it for signs of tension, and then releasing that tension |
| mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) | act of using relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing, visualization, focused attention, and guided movements, while focusing intensely on the present |
| mental illness | health condition in which negative or unhelpful feelings or thoughts become so severe they interfere with daily life |
| anxiety disorder | mental illness in which feelings of worry and dread interfere with daily life |
| panic attacks | episodes of intense fear characterized by fast heartbeat, dizziness, shaking, trouble breathing, and chest pain |
| phobia | extreme, unrealistic fear of an object or situation |
| major depressive disorder | mood disorder characterized by feelings of intense sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness |
| bipolar disorder | mood disorder characterized by extreme highs (mania) and lows (depression) |
| personality disorders | mental illnesses characterized by consistent patterns of inappropriate behavior |
| schizophrenia spectrum disorders | mental illnesses characterized by irregular thoughts, delusions, and hallucinations |
| addictive disorders | mental illnesses in which people develop a psychological dependence on certain processes or behaviors |
| therapy | treatment method that changes the way a person thinks, interprets information, behaves, and experiences and expresses emotions |
| mental health medications | substances that cause changes in the brain to reduce the symptoms of a mental illness |
Created by:
MJHickman