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Chemistry
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is matter, and how do we describe it? | Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. We describe it using physical properties (stuff you can see or measure, like density, boiling point, and color) and chemical properties (how it reacts with other stuff, like flammability or rusting). |
| What are particles like in a solid? | Packed super tight in a neat order, only vibrate in place, and have the lowest energy. |
| What are particles like in a liquid? | Close together but can slide past each other, taking the container's shape with medium energy. |
| What are particles like in a gas? | Spread way out, zooming around fast in all directions with the highest energy. |
| What happens to energy during phase changes? | Gaining Energy (Heating Up): Melting, Boiling, Sublimation. Losing Energy (Cooling Down): Freezing, Condensation, Deposition. |
| How do you read a phase diagram? | It's a graph showing if a substance is a solid, liquid, or gas at different temperatures and pressures. Solid: Top-left section Liquid: Middle section Gas: Bottom-right section |
| What are the Triple Point and Critical Point on a phase diagram? | Triple Point: The exact temp and pressure where solid, liquid, and gas all exist at the exact same time. Critical Point: The spot where it gets so hot and pressurized that gas can't turn back into a liquid anymore, creating a "supercritical fluid". |
| How do pure substances and mixtures look different on the particle level? | Pure Substance: Every single particle looks identical (either all single atoms for elements or all same molecules for compounds). Mixture: You see different types of particles floating around together that aren't attached to each other. |
| What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture? | Homogeneous Mixture (Solution): Looks smooth and completely mixed throughout (like Kool-Aid, air, or salt water). Heterogeneous Mixture: You can see different parts or layers, or stuff settles to the bottom (like salad dressing, sand, or muddy water). |
| How is a compound different from a mixture? | Compound: Elements are chemically glued together in a fixed recipe (like H2O) and can only be split by chemical reactions. Mixture: Stuff is just physically tossed together in random amounts and can easily be pulled apart physically. |
| Name 5 ways to separate a mixture and how they work. | Filtration: Separates solid from liquid (filter). Distillation: Separates liquids by boiling point. Evaporation: Boils off liquid, leaves solid. Magnetism: Pulls out magnetic metal. Chromatography: Separates colors/dyes on paper. |
| What properties can you test to identify an unknown pure substance? | Density Melting Point Boiling Point Chemical formula |
| What is the difference between a physical and chemical property? | Physical Property: Something you can measure without changing what the substance is (like color, density, solubility, or melting point). Chemical Property: How a substance reacts to form something new (like flammability or reacting with acid). |
| What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change? | Physical Change: Changes the look/shape but keeps the same stuff (like tearing paper, melting ice, or dissolving sugar). Chemical Change: A reaction happens and makes something totally new (like iron rusting, wood burning, or food souring). |
| What are 5 signs that a chemical reaction/change happened? | Color change Temp change / getting hot or cold Bubbles / gas forming Precipitate forming (a solid popping up when mixing two liquids) Odor/smell change |
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