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Unit 2 Test Review
Skeletal and Muscular Body Systems
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| parts of the skeletal system | bones, ligaments, tendons, cartilage & joints |
| functions of skeletal system | protection, support, blood cell production, mineral storage, muscle attachment sites |
| end of long bone | epiphysis |
| long shaft/middle of long bone | diaphysis |
| point where 2 bones meet | joint |
| hollow tube in center of diaphysis | medullary cavity |
| thin membrane surrounding diaphysis | periosteum |
| holds bones together at joints | ligaments |
| connects muscle to bone | tendons |
| bone number at birth | 300 |
| bone number at adulthood | 206 |
| bones that protect (ex. cranium) | flat |
| bones for movement (ex. radius and ulna) | long |
| cube-like bones (ex. tarsals) | short |
| bones inside of muscles | sesamoid |
| non category bones | irregular |
| skeletal "axis" of body | axial |
| skeletal appendages/limbs | appendicular |
| hyper lumbar curve (belly out) | lordosis |
| hyper thoracic curve (slouched forward) | kyphosis |
| lateral deviation of spine | scoliosis |
| slightly movable joint (ex. neck) | amphiathroses |
| immovable joint (ex. cranium, sacrum) | synarthroses |
| most movable joint (ex. shoulder, pelvis) | diarthroses |
| number of vertebrae in cervical section | 7 |
| number of vertebrae in thoracic section | 12 |
| number of vertebrae in lumbar section | 5 |
| number of skeletal muscles | 600 |
| functions of muscular system | maintain posture, produce stability, enable body movement, protect internal organs, absorb shock & reduce stress on joints |
| what are muscles surrounded by (also makes up tendons) | collagen |
| involutary, striated, in the cardium | cardiac muscle |
| voluntary (exc. diaphram), striated, attached to bones | skeletal muscle |
| involutary, smooth/viseral, internal organs | smooth muscle |
| layer surrounding individual muscle fibers | endomysium |
| layer surrounding fasicles | perimysium |
| layer surrounding groups of fasicles | epimysium |
| fibers allowing quick contractions | parallel |
| fibers allowing for more strength output, run obliquely | pennate |
| prime mover muscle | agonist |
| relaxed muscle | antagonist |
| ventral-ventral; decrease of angle | flexion |
| dorsal-dorsal; increase of angle | extension |
| moves away from medial | ABduction |
| moves toward medial | ADduction |
| has full/360 freedom of movement | circumduction |
| movable, but only along specific x/y/z axis (not all 3) | rotation |
| sole of foot points posterior; toes down | plantarflexion |
| sole of foot points anterior; toes up | dorsiflexion |
| sole of foot point medial | INversion |
| sole of foot points lateral | Eversion |
Created by:
Opi